WIOSOC2015_FinalDraft

List of figures
20.2. The developing countries of the SW Indian Ocean are some of the poorest in the world, but they
flank onto a tropical ocean with high biodiversity and potentially rich fishing grounds. The ecosystems
of the SW Indian Ocean are governed by complex ocean current systems, and monsoon seasons
in the north.
20.3. Per capita seafood consumption is much higher in island states than on the mainland, reflecting the
maritime influence on communities living against the sea. *Zanzibar = part of the United Republic
of Tanzania.
21.1. a) Contribution of regional countries to marine landings (FAOStat Groups combined. b) Landings
per FAOStat Group (FAO 2014).
21.2. Reported landings by species group for the SW Indian Ocean region for the period 1985-2012.
21.3. Two aspects of Dar es Salaam fishmarket. © Johan Groeneveld.
22.1. Growth in world production by capture fisheries compared to aquaculture between 1985 and 2012
(FAO 2013).
22.2. World mariculture production by culture group in 2012 (FAO 2013).
22.3. Mariculture production in 2012 (A) by continent, and (B) by the eight leading African Countries.
22.4. Total reported mariculture production in the SW Indian Ocean between 1985 and 2012.
22.5. Map of the Tanzanian coast showing villages practicing mariculture of finfish, shellfish/half pearls
and seaweeds.
22.6. Mariculture production by species groups for the period between 1985 and 2012 for Kenya, Mozambique,
Madagascar, Seychelles and the French territories of Reunion and Mayotte.
23.1. Number of commercial fishers per country, including artisanal and industrial sectors.
23.2. Fisherman wading in intertidal reef in southern Madagascar. © Johan Groeneveld.
25.1. The makeup of the WIO fleet with the various vessel types shown as a percentage of the total fleet
(based on data from UNCTAD reports).
25.2. Relative commercial shipping density, at a scale of 1 km. © University of California, National Center
for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis.
26.1. Locations of the four assessed geologic provinces and assessment units (AU) in the WIO region.
Source: Brownfield and others (2012).
26.2. Southern Tanzania and northern Mozambique, showing most of the offshore exploration blocks, gas
wells drilled (x), operator and other exploration companies involved, the locations of the Songo
Songo and Mnazi Bay gas fields, various gas pipeline infrastructure and the site of Mozambique’s
Afungi LNG plant (under construction). Source: Wood Mackenzie (2014).gion. Source: Brownfield
and others (2012).
26.3. The Sasol Natural Gas project map, showing pipeline extending from the coastal gas fields of Temane
and Pande to the industrial hub at Secunda in South Africa. Note: the Feruka pipeline, built in 1966,
is 408 km long and supplies fuel oil to Harare, Zimbabwe. A similar pipeline exists in Tanzania, the
Tazama pipeline, commissioned in 1968, extending 1 710 km from Dar es Salaam, supplying oil to
Ndola, Zambia. Source: Wildcat International FZ-LLC 2013.
27.1. Typical transversal profile of a developing sandy coast showing geomorphological units and the different
terminology used to characterize the coastal zone. (adapted from Tinley 1985 in Barwell 2011).
Photo © A. Theron.
28.1. Number of tourist arrivals in Western Indian Ocean countries. Source: World Travel and Tourism
Council Data.
29.1. Total mid-year population of countries in the Western Indian Ocean. Source: DESA (2014).
29.2. Urban Population at Mid-Year by Major Area, Region and Country, 1950-2050. Source: DESA (2014).
29.3. Night light emission from cities; a) Durban and Maputo; b) Dar es Salaam and Mombasa; and c) Port
Louis and Saint Denis in the Western Indian Ocean region as a proxy for economic development and
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Western Indian Ocean
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