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1. Get a loose piece of printer paper or notebook paper. 2. Hold the piece of paper about one inch (or a couple of centimeters) in front of your face. 3. Say the words baby, and puppy like you normally would in English. Notice how the paper moved when you said the 'b' and the 'p' respectively. 4. Now, without making the piece of paper move, say the words belle (the feminine form of beautiful in French, pronounced like the English 'bell.'), and papa (the French equivalent of "Dad"). If the paper moved, your pronunciation is slightly off. Concentrate, and try it again. If the paper didn't move, congratulations! You pronounced the words correctly! Aspirated vs. non-aspirated h In French, the letter h can be aspirated (h aspiré), or not aspirated (h non aspiré), depending on which language the word was borrowed from. What do these terms mean? Ex.: the word héros, (hero) has an aspirated h, because when the definite article le is placed before it, the result is le héros, and both words must be pronounced separately. However, the feminine form of héros, héroïne is a non-aspirated h. Therefore, when you put the definite article in front of it, it becomes l'héroïne, and is pronounced as one word. Remember that in French, an h is NEVER pronounced, whether it is aspirated or not aspirated! The only way to tell if the h at the beginning of a word is aspirated is to look it up in the dictionary. Some dictionaries will place an asterisk (*) in front of the entry word in the French-English H section if the h is aspirated. Other dictionaries will include it in the pronunciation guide after the key word by placing a (') before the pronunciation. In short, the words must be memorized. Here is a table of some basic h words that are aspirated and not aspirated: aspirated héros, hero (le héros) non-aspirated héroïne, heroine (l'héroïne) haïr, to hate (je hais or j'haïs...) habiter, to live (j'habite...) huit, eight (le huit novembre) Exercise harmonie, harmony (l'harmonie) 1. 2. 3. Grab a French-English dictionary and find at least ten aspirated h words, and ten non-aspirated h words On a piece of paper, write down the words you find in two columns Look at it every day and memorize the columns Punctuation From Wiktionary: & esperluette, et commercial French Vocabulary • Print version • audio (info •608 kb • help) Punctuation La ponctuation , virgule { } accolades ~ tilde
' apostrophe = égal % pourcent @ * astérisque $ dollar . point « » guillemets ! \ barre oblique inverse point d'exclamation + plus > supérieur à # dièse [ ] crochets < inférieur à ? : deux points - moins, tiret, trait d'union _ point d'interrogation soulignement ; point virgule ( ) parenthèses / barre oblique arobase, a commercial, arobe The punctuation symbols in French operates very similarly to English with the same meaning. The only punctuation symbol not present in French would be the quotation marks; these are replaced by the guillemets shown in the table above. The two stroke punctuation marks (such as ;, :, ?, !) may require a non-breaking space before or after the mark in question. For purposes of this textbook, this style will be used to maintain consistency with other projects on WikiMedia - however, the location and context at which you will use French may have different spacing rules. The following resources are an example of available materials for further reading: Lexique des règles typographiques en usage à l'Imprimerie nationale, ISBN 9782743304829, Imprimerie nationale Wikipédia:Conventions typographiques (http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipédia:Conventions_typographiques#Espaces) French Style Guide (http://www.cprp.ca/guide.php?category_name=autres-ressources/#english) , Nova Scotia Department of Education (for Canadian French) EXERCISE • Translator (http://translate.google.com/translate_t) • Exercise Appendix • Print version • E: 0.03 1 - Punctuation - State the Word [show ▼]
Page 2 and 3: version 2010-02-5 of French The cur
Page 4 and 5: Lesson 01 : Introduction Extent of
Page 6 and 7: Lesson 0.02 - Learning French Reaso
Page 8 and 9: Lesson 0.03 - The Alphabet Introduc
Page 12 and 13: Lesson 0.04 - Accents Introduction
Page 14 and 15: circumflex (accent circonflexe) CTR
Page 16 and 17: When talking to one's peers or to c
Page 18 and 19: De rien. Pas de quoi. You're welcom
Page 20 and 21: First Second Third Fourth 1. Michel
Page 22 and 23: cent 100 une centaine (one hundred)
Page 24 and 25: Lesson 0.09 - The Date V: The days
Page 26 and 27: Lesson 0.10 - Telling Time V: Askin
Page 28 and 29: Lesson 0 - Review G: The French alp
Page 30 and 31: For 70-79, it builds upon "soixante
Page 32 and 33: 12 decembre daysahmbruh December V:
Page 34 and 35: Lesson 0 - Test The following test
Page 36 and 37: Leçon 01 : 01 Grammaire de base Le
Page 38 and 39: Examples French Grammar • Print v
Page 40 and 41: In English, the indefinite articles
Page 42 and 43: une pomme une poire un chaton (un c
Page 44 and 45: In everyday language, “on” is u
Page 46 and 47: Lesson 1.03 - Description G: Adject
Page 48 and 49: safran safranne saffron G: Adverbs
Page 50 and 51: ma famille my family ma famille él
Page 52 and 53: S'amuser Main article: French/Gramm
Page 54 and 55: Note that while le, la, and les are
Page 56 and 57: la terrasse patio Furniture le balc
Page 58 and 59: Il vous voit. - He sees you. Indire
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Je mange une cerise. Je ne mange pa
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J'y vais. - I'm going there. Tu y v
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les livres de Marc the books of Mar
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mettre - to put, to place Irregular
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Charles Aznavour Gilbert Becaud Jac
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le savant scientist observer analys
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LEVEL TWO Level Two Lessons Content
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Lesson 2.01 - School G: Introductio
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G: Écrire & Lire Écrire is an irr
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-re verbs répondre répond répond
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oire | conduire | connaître | croi
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Lesson 2.03 - Shopping V: Shopping
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-exer are regular -er verbs, but al
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V: Practise Conversations Let's pra
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Lesson 2.04 - Going Out G: À and D
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Prenez place ! - Take a seat! (very
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la première rue - the first street
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vous ouvrez ils ouvrent past partic
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Ils sont sortis with direct object
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Lesson 2.06 - Everyday Life G: Dorm
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G: Falloir falloir - to be necessar
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past participle in perfect tenses).
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la dinde turkey le crabe crab le ja
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Nous avons mangé une tarte. We ate
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Lesson 2.09 - Dining V: General Din
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le pourboire laisser je voudrais..
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Lesson 2.10 - Communication G: -aî
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French Verb • Print version • a
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LEVEL THREE Level Three Lessons Con
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Lesson 3.01 - Vacations V: General
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Je vais au Texas. - Je reviens du T
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le (grand-duché du) Luxembourg Lux
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G: Perfect Tenses You will be learn
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Lesson 3.02 - Work G: Irregular Pas
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Lesson 3.03 - Health V: Illness Fre
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pas possible ("not possible") telle
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Le poumon Lung L'estomac (m) Stomac
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The indirect object pronouns do not
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Lesson 3.05 - Youth G: Imperfect -
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All forms except nous and vous have
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Reciprocal Verbs With reciprocal ve
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Lesson 3.07 - Ancient History L'his
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Lesson 3.08 - Revolution! Déclarat
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in the phrases ce qui and ce que, w
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G: Superlative le/la/les + plus/moi
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V: France's Role in Global Politics
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GRAMMAR Grammar Contents Informatio
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No change -e -e Final Consonant Dou
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Third person singular - son, sa, se
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But negative adverbs, such as pas (
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Examples French Grammar • Print v
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2nd person 3rd person plural nous w
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Je ne l'ai donné à personne (I di
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sous sur under 1. on 2. upon 3. on
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It is used in the same ways as the
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Note that while le, la, and les are
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L'impératif When expressing positi
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(He likes this film. => Does he lik
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Verb tenses sorted by type Simple t
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Verbs Due to their specificity, min
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la saison le printemps l'été (m)
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English - French Dictionary See: Le
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See: European History For the histo
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E French English l'Écosse (f) Scot
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le Luxembourg Luxembourg M French E
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Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines (m)
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please s'il vous plaît /sil vu pl
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Courtesy La politesse Please S'il t
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IPA chart French consonants Dental
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Bagnole n., Slang for 'car' ban-YOL
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n., college or university; short fo
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Verlan Verlan is roughly similar to
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Example: E: 2.01 1 - School Vocabul
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preferences utility. If you are usi
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French administration Le portail de
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Dit-elle à cette emprunteuse. —
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How To Read The Anthem You will not
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UNCATEGORIZED TEXTS Déclaration de
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WIKINEWS Information Featured News
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hello explain passe compose tense I
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Lessons information Lesson Planning
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proprietary word processors, SGML o
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You may add a section Entitled "End
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