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Intermediate german

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Unit 12: The simple past tense 93<br />

111<br />

2<br />

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1011<br />

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4111<br />

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2011<br />

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41111<br />

Patterns of stem vowel changes<br />

Many irregular and mixed verbs follow certain patterns when changing<br />

their stems in the simple past and the present perfect tenses. The five<br />

most common patterns are:<br />

Infinitive Simple past Past participle<br />

ei – i – i leiden litt gelitten to suffer<br />

reiten ritt geritten to ride<br />

schneiden schnitt geschnitten to cut<br />

ei – ie – ie bleiben blieb geblieben to stay<br />

scheinen schien geschienen to seem, to shine<br />

schreiben schrieb geschrieben to write<br />

i – a – u finden fand gefunden to find<br />

singen sang gesungen to sing<br />

trinken trank getrunken to drink<br />

ie – o – o fliegen flog geflogen to fly<br />

schließen schloss geschlossen to close<br />

verlieren verlor verloren to lose<br />

e – a – o brechen brach gebrochen to break<br />

sprechen sprach gesprochen to speak<br />

sterben starb gestorben to die<br />

• For more details on modal verbs in the simple past tense, see<br />

Unit 7.<br />

• For information on separable verbs in the simple past tense, see<br />

Unit 8.<br />

• For a list of irregular verbs, see pages 215–17.<br />

Exercise 12.1<br />

Write out the full simple past tense of the following verbs for all persons:<br />

ich, du, Sie, er/sie/es, wir ihr, Sie, sie.<br />

1 wohnen; 2 fragen; 3 arbeiten; 4 reden; 5 kommen; 6 schreiben;<br />

7 nennen; 8 gehen.

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