Intermediate german

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Unit 22: The passive voice 165 111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 13 4111 5 6 7 8 9 2011 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3011 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 4011 1 2222 3222 41111 The passive in the present tense Formation In the present tense the passive is constructed with the present tense of werden + past participle of the relevant verb. Note that werden is an irregular verb. Here are all the forms: Ich werde gefilmt. Du wirst gefilmt. Sie werden gefilmt. Er wird gefilmt. Usage Wir werden gefilmt. Ihr werdet gefilmt. Sie werden gefilmt. Sie werden gefilmt. The passive in the present tense form is often used when referring to events that happen regularly and when giving instructions, for instance in manuals or cookery books: Fasching wird im Februar gefeiert. Carnival is celebrated in February. Dann werden die Schrauben angezogen. Then the screws are tightened. Das Mehl wird zuletzt beigemengt. The flour is added last. Note that werden as the finite verb is usually the second element, while the past participle moves into the final position. The passive in the past tenses The simple past is preferred Although the passive voice exists in all three past tenses, it is usually used in the simple past tense. It is constructed with the simple past tense of werden + past participle: Ich wurde gefilmt. Du wurdest gefilmt. Sie wurden gefilmt. Er/Sie/Es wurde gefilmt. Wir wurden gefilmt. Ihr wurdet gefilmt. Sie wurden gefilmt. Sie wurden gefilmt.
166 Unit 22: The passive voice 111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8111 9 1011 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2011 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3011 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 4011 1 2 3 41111 Simple past – usage The passive in the simple past is used in a wide range of contexts, from everyday situations to historical events: Das Fußballspiel wurde verschoben. The football match was postponed. Das Penicillin wurde von Alexander Fleming entdeckt. Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming. 1990 wurden Ost- und Westdeutschland wieder vereinigt. In 1990, East and West Germany were reunited. Present perfect The passive in the present perfect is constructed with the appropriate present tense form of sein + past participle of the relevant verb + worden: Ich bin noch nicht untersucht worden. I haven’t been examined yet. Das Stadion ist zweimal umgebaut worden. The stadium has been/was rebuilt twice. Note that this present perfect structure is often replaced with the simple past tense: Das Stadion ist zweimal umgebaut worden. → Das Stadion wurde zweimal umgebaut. Past perfect The passive in the past perfect tense is constructed with the simple past tense of sein + past participle of the relevant verb + worden. It is normally used in more formal contexts, such as reports or articles: Er war bereits vor fünf Jahren festgenommen worden. He had already been arrested five years ago. The passive in the future tense When forming the passive in the future tense, werden appears twice as both the future tense and the passive use werden in their formation.
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Unit 1: Nouns and gender 3 111 2 3
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Unit 2: Plural of nouns 11 111 2 3
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Unit 2: Plural of nouns 13 111 2 3
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Unit 3: Articles and other determin
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Unit 4: Cases 25 111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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Unit 4: Cases 27 111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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Unit 4: Cases 29 111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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Unit 4: Cases 31 111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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Unit 4: Cases 33 111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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Unit 5: Pronouns 35 111 2 3 4 5 6 7
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Unit 5: Pronouns 37 111 2 3 4 5 6 7
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Unit 5: Pronouns 39 111 2 3 4 5 6 7
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Unit 5: Pronouns 41 111 2 3 4 5 6 7
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Unit 6: Reflexive verbs 43 111 2 3
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Unit 7: Modal verbs 51 111 2 3 4 5
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Unit 8: Verbs with separable and in
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Unit 9: Verbs and prepositions 69 1
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Unit 10: The present tense 77 111 2
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Unit 10: The present tense 79 111 2
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Unit 11: The present perfect tense
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Unit 12: The simple past tense 91 1
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Unit 13: The past perfect tense 97
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Unit 14: The future tense 103 111 2
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Unit 14: The future tense 105 111 2
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Unit 15: Adjectives and adverbs 109
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Page 126 and 127: Unit 16: Prepositions 117 111 2 3 4
Page 136 and 137: Unit 17: Forming questions 127 111
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Page 168 and 169: Unit 21: Negative constructions 159
Page 176 and 177: Unit 22: The passive voice 167 111
Page 182 and 183: Unit 23: Subjunctive forms 173 111
Page 190 and 191: Unit 24: Indirect speech 181 111 2
Page 196 and 197: Key to exercises and checklists 187
Page 220 and 221: Glossary of grammatical terms 211 1
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Common irregular verbs 217 111 2 3
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