Intermediate german

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Unit 1: Nouns and gender 5 111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 13 4111 5 6 7 8 9 2011 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3011 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 4011 1 2222 3222 41111 Nouns in use Determiners and nouns When used in sentences, nouns normally appear with determiners such as der, die, das etc. Depending on the function of the noun within the sentence the determiners can change. For example, the definite articles der, die, das and die for plural nouns are used when the noun is the subject of a sentence (nominative case). These articles change to dem, der, dem, den if the noun is the indirect object (dative case). Changes affecting nouns Note that nouns themselves normally change only (other than their plural forms) in the following instances: • in the genitive case, where masculine and neuter nouns add -(e)s and • in the dative plural where -n is usually added. For more information see Units 3 and 4. However, there are two groups of nouns whose endings do change: the so-called weak nouns and adjectival nouns. Weak nouns About 10 per cent of masculine nouns, usually referring to male people or animals, add -(e)n to all forms apart from the nominative singular. Singular Plural Nominative der Junge die Junge-n Accusative den Junge-n die Junge-n Dative dem Junge-n den Junge-n Genitive des Junge-n der Junge-n Der Junge spielt mit seinem Gameboy. Siehst du den Jungen dort? Er kauft dem Jungen eine Flasche Wasser. (nom., sing.) (acc., sing.) (dat., sing.) Other examples include: Architekt ‘male architect’, Student ‘male student’, Herr ‘Mr’, ‘gentleman’, Tourist ‘male tourist’, Mensch ‘human being’, Name ‘name’.
6 Unit 1: Nouns and gender 111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8111 9 1011 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2011 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3011 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 4011 1 2 3 41111 Note that Herr adds -n in the singular, and -en in the plural: Kennst du Herrn Becker ‘Do you know Mr Becker?’ Meine Damen und Herren! ‘Ladies and gentlemen!’. Adjectival nouns Adjectival nouns are derived from adjectives: krank → ein Kranker, eine Kranke ill, sick person reich ein Reicher, eine Reiche rich person verwandt ein Verwandter, eine Verwandte relative Adjectives used as nouns follow the pattern of adjectival endings. As an example, here are all forms of Verwandte/r ‘relative’ with the indefinite article: Singular (masc.) Singular (fem.) Plural Nominative ein Verwandter eine Verwandte -Verwandte Accusative einen Verwandten eine Verwandte -Verwandte Dative einem Verwandten einer Verwandten -Verwandten Genitive eines Verwandten einer Verwandten -Verwandter Ein Verwandter von mir wohnt in Bonn. (nom., masc.) One of my relatives lives in Bonn. Eine Verwandte von Petra arbeitet bei Sony. (nom., fem.) One of Petra’s relatives works for Sony. Other nouns belonging to this group include: Angestellte/r employee Arbeitslose/r unemployed person Erwachsene/r adult Deutsche/r German person Jugendliche/r young person • For the plural forms of nouns, see Unit 2. • For more detailed information on determiners and cases, see Units 3 and 4. • For more details on adjectival endings, see Unit 15.
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Unit 7: Modal verbs 55 111 2 3 4 5
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Unit 7: Modal verbs 57 111 2 3 4 5
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Unit 8: Verbs with separable and in
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Unit 9: Verbs and prepositions 69 1
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Unit 10: The present tense 77 111 2
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Unit 10: The present tense 79 111 2
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Unit 11: The present perfect tense
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Unit 12: The simple past tense 91 1
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Unit 13: The past perfect tense 97
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Unit 14: The future tense 103 111 2
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Unit 14: The future tense 105 111 2
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Unit 15: Adjectives and adverbs 109
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Unit 16: Prepositions 117 111 2 3 4
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Unit 17: Forming questions 127 111
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Unit 18: Conjunctions and clauses 1
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Unit 19: Word order and sentence st
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Unit 20: Relative clauses 151 111 2
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Unit 21: Negative constructions 159
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Unit 22: The passive voice 165 111
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Unit 23: Subjunctive forms 173 111
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Unit 24: Indirect speech 181 111 2
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Key to exercises and checklists 187
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Glossary of grammatical terms 211 1
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Common irregular verbs 217 111 2 3
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