Atonement

RECOVERING BIBLICAL AT-ONE-MENT : M.
M. M. NINAN
Five complementary and sometimes overlapping metaphors are used in Scripture to describe different
aspects of the work of Christ. This is a more helpful schema than viewing the atonement as a
battleground of rival theories.
The Ransom theory (popular since the early church) highlights the Slave-market and Battlefield
metaphors.
Anselm's Satisfaction theory reminds us of the Law-court and Temple metaphors. The more modern
phraseology of "penal substitution", like the Satisfaction theory, encapsulates the force of the Law
Court and Temple metaphors. Even the unpopular Moral-influence theory highlights the power of the
Temple metaphor. (In some ways the temple sacrifices are a precursor to theatre, a living parable
where the scapegoat suffers instead of the watching audience.) ”
Metaphor, Enemy Context
A. Ransom/Fishhook - vs. the Devil Slave market
B. Christus Victor - vs. Death, the devil underworld
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