Atonement

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RECOVERING BIBLICAL AT-ONE-MENT : M. M. M. NINAN A broader definition, as described in Marc Bloch's Feudal Society (1939), includes not only the obligations of the warrior nobility but those of all three estates of the realm: the nobility, the clergy, and those living by their labour, most directly the peasantry bound by manorialism; this order is often referred to as "feudal society"..A lord was in broad terms a noble who held land, a vassal was a person who was granted possession of the land by the lord, and the land was known as a fief. In exchange for the use of the fief and the protection of the lord, the vassal would provide some sort of service to the lord. There were many varieties of feudal land tenure, consisting of military and non-military service. The obligations and corresponding rights between lord and vassal concerning the fief form the basis of the feudal relationship.Most of the peasants during the Middle Ages were serfs. Serfs were generally farmers who were tied to the land. They were not slaves but they were given land to farm in exchange for service to their lord. This service usually involved working the lord's fields, maintaining roads and the manor, and providing military service in times of war. Serfs paid taxes to their lord in the form of crops. Anslem saw the relationship between God and the created beings as a relation between the Lord and the various lords, vassels, fiefs and serfs. (See A Brief Survey of Anselm of Canterbury's Cur Deus Homo? 1994, Scott David Foutz. http://www.quodlibet.net/anselm.shtml) 44
RECOVERING BIBLICAL AT-ONE-MENT : M. M. M. NINAN The medieval common law was based on the Germanic tribal law, where the principle of the wergild was held. The word weregild is composed of were, meaning "man", and geld, meaning "payment or fee". Wergild,translated into English would mean “man payment”, in ancient Germanic law, the amount of compensation paid by a person committing an offense to the injured party or, in case of death, to his family. A man’s wergild was determined by his status in society; for example, in England, a feudal lord’s wergild could be many times that of a common man. The wergild of a woman was usually equal to, and often more than, that of a man of the same class; in some areas, a woman’s wergild might be twice as much as that of a man. Clergy also had their own rate of wergild, although this was sometimes dependent on the class into which they were born. Among the Franks, the wergild of a Roman might be half that of a Frank, largely because no money had to be paid, on his death, to a kinship group, as it had for a Frank. Other fines, particularly among the Anglo-Saxons and early Franks, were related to wergild. One, bot, included various types of compensation for damages done but also covered maintenance allowances for the repair of houses and tools for those who lived on an estate. Another, wite, was a fine paid to the king by a criminal as an atonement for his deed. If a crime was intentional, both wite and wergild had to be paid; otherwise, simple wergild was sufficient. Thus if a man killed a slave, he owed the owner of the slave the amount of money he had paid for the slave or would have to pay to buy another slave of equal worth. If a man killed another free man he 45
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Atonement

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