Foundations of Faith

More documents

Recommendations

Info

FOUNDATIONS OF FAITH IN JESUS M. M. NINAN The scribe was considered a professional person in antiquity. In the Egyptian tradition, neither girls, nor boys from poor families, were ever permitted in scribal schools. Usually a boy started in a religious-temple school at the age of five to begin his ten to twelve years of education as a professional scribe. The Jewish scribe - sofer - has the important job of copying out new Torah scrolls and the small parchments which are placed in the tefilin. All Torah scrolls are copied by hand, in Hebrew, and if a mistake is made then the whole of that section will be destroyed. Rabbi Meir said: "As I sat beside R. Yishmael, he asked, 'My son, what is your work?' I responded, 'I am a scribe', he said to me, 'My son, be meticulous in your work, for yours is the work of Heaven'." -Eruvin 13. Melechet Shamayim literally means 'the work of Heaven'. This is what the Talmud calls the task of the sofer (scribes). Sofrut is the Jewish scribal tradition that stretches back more than 3,300 years to Moshe Rabbeinu on Mt. Sinai whose tradition probably traces its origin from the Egyptian period of captivity of Jews where Moses himself learned to read and write in the Palace of Pharaoh. There were five types of scribes: • Calligraphers, who dealt in fine book production • Copyists, who dealt with basic production and correspondence • Correctors, who collated and compared a finished book with the manuscript from which it had been produced • Illuminators, who painted illustrations • Rubricators, who painted in the red letters 20
FOUNDATIONS OF FAITH IN JESUS M. M. NINAN Desk with chained books in the Library of Cesena, Italy. In the case of New Testament, the task of copying manuscripts was generally done by scribes who were trained professionals in the arts of writing and bookmaking which often took several years. Mass copying was often done in a room with several scribes sitting in their own tables with papyrus, pen and ink around a reader. Once the copying was done it was proof read by others. Scholars closely examining a text can sometimes find the original and corrections found in certain manuscripts. In the 6th century, a special room devoted to the practice of manuscript writing and illumination called the scriptorium came into use, typically inside medieval European monasteries. For almost fifteen centuries the people who copied the New Testament were scribes and monks, who made mistakes in writing. This was more so when it was done where group coping were done from hearing. Not only were mistakes made in copying the original, subsequent copyists faithfully reproduced these mistakes, and each copyist compounded the problem by adding slips and variants of his own. These copies were taken to different cities of Christian centers and the process was repeated. In this process several streams of manuscript series came into existence with typical styles and some times with local intonations. Very often changes in the language and idiom required changes to make the meaning in tact. This may be considered as a variation intentionally made in order to keep the true meaning. 21
Page 1 and 2: FOUNDATIONS OF FAITH IN JESUS M. M.
Page 23: FOUNDATIONS OF FAITH IN JESUS M. M.
Page 75 and 76:
FOUNDATIONS OF FAITH IN JESUS M. M.
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
++++++++++++++++++++ FOUNDATIONS OF
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Titus was sent to subjugate Judaea
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
++++++++++++++++++++ FOUNDATIONS OF
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
the Pharisees during the (first) tw
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Prof. Madathilparampil Mammen Ninan
Page 199:
The Development Of Mariolatory Theo
show all

Foundations of Faith

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?