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Euribor rate as a proxy, leaving the non-expected inflation as the difference between the observed and the expected inflation. Table XI shows the correlation coefficients between our asset and the different definitions of inflation. Note that the Spearman’s correlation coefficients between the futures and the unexpected inflation are significant in all the futures contracts; therefore, as commodity futures, EUA assets could help us to hedge against inflation. Table XI. Inflation hedge The table shows the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients and its p-value between the EUA futures contracts returns and the series of the observed, expected and non-expected inflation. The number of monthly observations is 43, 55 and 67 for the 2008, 2009 and 2010 EUA futures contracts, respectively. “2008 EUA Futures Contract” refers to the futures contract maturing on December 15, 2008, “2009 EUA Futures Contract” refers to the futures contract maturing on December 14, 2009 and “2010 EUA Futures Contract” refers to the futures contract maturing on December 20, 2010. Correlation 2008 EUA Futures Contract Observed inflation Expected inflation Non-expected inflation Correlation coefficient 0.2895 -0.0908 0.3241 Sig. (bilateral) 0.0601 0.5627 0.0345 Correlation 2009 EUA Futures Contract Observed inflation Expected inflation Non-expected inflation Correlation coefficient 0.2953 -0.0618 0.2863 Sig. (bilateral) 0.0290 0.6542 0.0345 Correlation 2010 EUA Futures Contract Observed inflation Expected inflation Non-expected inflation Correlation coefficient 0.3379 -0.0316 0.2973 Sig. (bilateral) 0.0054 0.7998 0.0149 5. CONCLUSIONS The objective of our paper is to study the stylized facts of EUA returns. Given that the Phase I (2005-2007) is generally considered as a pilot and learning phase, we have chosen 2008, 2009 and 2010 futures contracts to test the accomplishment of several statistical features that usually appear in both financial and commodities assets. We have found evidence of intermittency, aggregational gaussianity, short-term predictability, Taylor effect, volatility clustering, asymmetric volatility, and positive relation between volatility and volume and between the volatility and the change in the open interest. Our findings suggest that temporal dependences should be modeled with ARMA-GARCH structures. However, the persistence of conditional heavy-tails indicates that in order to capture the volatility features of EUA return data; fat-tailed 28
unconditional distributions should be assumed. Furthermore, unlike commodities properties, we have observed negative asymmetry, positive correlation with stocks indexes and higher volatility levels during the trading session, an indication that the EUA information flow is concentrated during the trading day and does not evolve randomly around the clock. The property of inflation hedge and the positive correlation with bonds, both characteristics being typical of commodity futures, are also detected. Therefore, our results indicate that EUAs do not behave like either common commodity futures or financial assets, and suggest that the EUA is a new asset class. The entirety of these facts, robust over time, has appealing implications for portfolio analysis, volatility modeling, hedging activities and cointegration analysis. 29
Page 1 and 2: ad serie WP-AD 2012-14 Stylized Fac
Page 3 and 4: WP-AD 2012-14 Stylized Facts of CO
Page 5 and 6: follows. Section 2 presents the sty
Page 7 and 8: the equity markets. Given that Mans
Page 9 and 10: Figure 1. Prices evolution Figure 1
Page 11 and 12: Table I. Summary statistics for EUA
Page 13 and 14: The Jarque-Bera statistic is based
Page 15 and 16: To get robustness in the outlier de
Page 17 and 18: Table IV. Autocorrelation tests Thi
Page 19 and 20: Figure 3. Volatility clustering Fig
Page 21 and 22: Figure 3. Volatility clustering (co
Page 23 and 24: asymmetric effect. In all three ser
Page 25 and 26: Panel A and B in Table VIII present
Page 27: Table X. Correlation with bonds, st
Page 31 and 32: Gorton, G.B., Hayashi, F. and Rouwe

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