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Brian I. Daniels and Katharyn Hanson Eastern Archaeology, 78(3), pp. 178-186. Stone, P. G., and Farchakh Bajjaly, J. (eds). 2008. The Destruction of Cultural Heritage in Iraq (Woodbridge: Boydell Press). University of Glasgow Trafficking Culture Project. 2012. ‘Looting at Apamea Recorded via Google Earth’. URL: < http://traffickingculture.org/data/looting-at-apamearecorded-via-google-earth/ > [accessed 24 October 2015]. UNOSAT. 2014. ‘Satellite-based Damage Assessment to Cultural Heritage Sites in Syria. UNITAR/UNOSAT’. URL: < http://www.unitar.org/unosat/chs-syria > [accessed 26 October 2015]. Ur, J. A. 2014. Umma. B. ‘Archäologische’. Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie 14 (3-4), pp. 327-330. US Department of State. 2015. ‘ISIL Leader’s Loot’. URL: < http://eca.state.gov/culturalheritage-center/iraq-cultural-heritage-initiative/isil-leaders-loot > [accessed 26 October 2015]. 94
Tess Davis The Lasting Impact of United States vs. Cambodian Sculpture On 28 February 2012, the New York Times revealed that Sotheby’s auction house in Manhattan was attempting to sell a thousand-year-old Khmer masterpiece for millions of dollars, despite evidence thieves had hacked the figure off at the ankles from a sacred Cambodian temple and trafficked it overseas in the chaos heralding the ‘Killing Fields’. The newspaper illustrated this front-page story with a photograph of the larger-than-life ‘mythic Warrior’ as it appeared in the glossy pages of the sales catalogue. Another image showed its feet and pedestal – half a world away and still in situ – at the 10 th century ruins of Koh Ker, deep in the Cambodian jungle (Blumenthal and Mashberg 2012). The resulting scandal over the Koh Ker Warrior would eventually reveal a major antiquities trafficking network that stretched from the South East Asian Kingdom to the very heights of the global art market – implicating not only Sotheby’s, but some of the world’s top collectors, galleries, and museums. In doing so, it also launched an international – and ongoing – effort to bring home the plundered past of the Khmer people. Cambodia has triumphantly played David to the art market’s Goliath, joining the host of nations fighting to recover their looted and stolen art through public appeals and legal action. It is no wonder: while ancient sites have been pillaged throughout history, in recent decades, the illicit antiquities trade has become a lucrative and sweeping underground industry 1 . Far from being mere treasure hunting, experts warn this illicit trade is furthering crime and conflict around the world, funding brutal dictatorships, armed insurgents, and even jihadists like the so-called Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). In February 2015, the United Nations Security Council indeed confirmed that ISIS, the Al- Nusrah Front, and al Qaeda are arming themselves through ‘the looting and smuggling of cultural heritage’ 2 . And a growing number of Western political leaders – including London’s Mayor Boris Johnson, a coalition of United States Congressmen, and US Secretary of State John Kerry – have likewise sounded the alarm (Johnson 2015). Four decades ago, the global hot spot was not Mesopotamia, but Indochina. During Cambodia’s bloody 1970-1998 war with the Khmer Rouge – as is the case today in Iraq and Syria – violence and plunder went hand-in-hand. The conflict triggered organized antiquities looting and trafficking, which in turn, helped to bankroll the fighting. Few of the country’s temples – not even the famous Angkor Wat – were spared from war profiteers. The fight for the Koh Ker Warrior revealed the inner workings of this illicit trade, and in the process, sent shockwaves through the art world. It led to a fundamental change, not only in how those in the market and museum community view Cambodian antiquities, but in how the Cambodian government and people do themselves. There appears to be no going back to the status quo that existed before. This paper therefore aims to revisit the case, evaluate its impact thus far, and reflect on the repercussions to come. United States vs. 10 th century Cambodian sandstone sculpture Cambodia’s art and archaeology has invaluable cultural, historic, and religious significance to the Khmer people. Since it attracts millions of tourists each year, this 95
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Cultural objects disappear every da
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Countering Illicit Traffic in Cultu
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Foreword The International Council
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France Desmarais is the Internation
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Marina Schneider studied Law at the
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An International Observatory on Ill
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Introduction illegal import and exp
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Introduction Countering Illicit Tra
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Günther Wessel Dealers and Collect
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Searching for Traces IFAO). Shortly
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Searching for Traces antiquities fr
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Searching for Traces In the spring
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Searching for Traces Langlotz’s 1
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The Internet Market in Antiquities
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Donna Yates • Ceramics. Ceramics
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Laurie W. Rush if a defended town,
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Guy Tubiana Museum Security and Ris
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Museum Security and Risk Assessment
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Museum Security and Risk Assessment
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