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Back to Kabul Hiebert & Cambon eds. 2011: 31; Masoudi 2012, p. 15). A selection of these objects was later put on display in the National Museum of Afghanistan in Kabul and the exhibition opened on 6 October 2009 by Mark Sedwill, then Acting British Ambassador in Kabul, and Abdul Karim Khurram, then Minister for Information and Culture in Afghanistan (Masoudi 2012, Fig. 12). In July 2012, immediately before the opening of the Olympic Games in London, the Begram ivories, the Sarai Khuja Buddha and the second consignment of illicitly excavated objects were carefully packed and despatched to Kabul with the assistance of the British Armed Forces, and a fully illustrated inventory and a set of condition reports were handed in advance to Dr Masoudi (Figs. 9-10). The safe return of this second consignment was announced on 19 July by Prime Minister David Cameron during the course of an official visit to Kabul. This was followed by a formal hand-over ceremony at the museum in Kabul on 5 August 2012 with Colin Crorkin, the British Consul General in Afghanistan, acting on behalf of the British Museum. Identical press releases in Dari and English were simultaneously issued by the National Museum of Afghanistan and the British Museum, and a number of local and international press stories followed immediately (e.g., Alberge 2012; Farmer 2012; Ralph 2012). In addition, footage was released by the Ministry of Defence and a blog post simultaneously issued on the British Museum website at URL: < http://blog.britishmuseum.org/category/exhibitions/afghanistan-crossroads-of-theancient-world/ >. Conclusion These examples highlight some of the areas of very successful collaboration which the two museums have enjoyed in the past years. They also highlight several key points. The first is the effectiveness of close cooperation between different organizations, in this case between two national museums, the UK Border Force and the Metropolitan Police in London. These relationships were built over time with regular dialogue and trust, and underpinned by official Memoranda of Understanding. Seizing the opportunity to catalogue confiscated objects, use scientific techniques where possible, and publishing the results are also important outcomes of these actions and they help compensate for the loss of archaeological context, offer more information to the receiving museum, and create a full and open record for the academic as well as the law enforcement community. It is essential that the wider public is aware of what can and is being done, and to highlight positive outcomes rather than simply dwell on the problems without offering solutions. This approach underlines the importance of harnessing the considerable public and media interest in this topic by issuing regular reports which highlight positive results. These stories reach a huge global audience and build awareness of international efforts to combat illegal trafficking. They show that museums have an important role in this process as they are centres of specialist knowledge in ancient cultures, have curators who understand objects and they share the same fundamental concerns over the preservation, interpretation and display of past or living cultures. Bibliography Akhtar, A. & Neubacher, B. 1998. ‘An interview with Prof. A. H. Dani’. In SPACH Newsletter 4 (April): 3–4. Alberge, Dalya. 2003. ‘Looters dig into Afghanistan’s ancient heritage’. In The Times, 187
St John Simpson 9 June 2003. URL: < http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/article1971548.ece > [last accessed 28 August 2015]. Alberge, Dalya. 2011a. ‘Lost treasure of Afghanistan museum rescued by art dealer’. In The Guardian, 29 May 2011. URL: < http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2011/ may/29/buddha-kabul-museum-looted > [last accessed 28 August 2015]. Alberge, Dalya. 2011b. ‘Police hunt collectors of Afghan loot’. In The Sunday Times, 2nd January 2011. URL: < http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/world_news/ Afghanistan/article496638.ece > [last accessed 28 August 2015]. Alberge, Dalya. 2012. ‘Looted treasures returned to Afghanistan by British Museum’. In The Independent, 19 July 2012. URL: < http://www.independent.co.uk/news/ uk/crime/looted-treasures-returned-to-afghanistan-by-british-museum-7956988. html > [last accessed on 28 August 2015]. Ambers, Janet; Cartwright, Caroline R.; Higgitt, Catherine; Hook, Duncan, et al. 2014. Looted, recovered, returned. A detailed scientific and conservation record of a group of ivory and bone furniture overlays excavated at Begram, stolen from the National Museum of Afghanistan, privately acquired on behalf of Kabul, analysed and conserved at the British Museum and returned to the National Museum of Afghanistan in 2012. (Oxford: Archaeopress Archaeology). Amiet, Pierre. 1988a. ‘Antiquities of Bactria and Outer Iran in the Louvre collection’. In Bactria: An ancient oasis civilization from the sands of Afghanistan, edited by Giancarlo Ligabue & Sandro Salvatori (Venice: Erizzo), pp. 159–80. Amiet, Pierre. 1988b. ‘Elam and Bactria’. In Bactria: An ancient oasis civilization from the sands of Afghanistan, edited by Giancarlo Ligabue & Sandro Salvatori (Venice: Erizzo), pp. 127-40. Bailey, Martin. 1999. ‘Museum-in-exile for Afghanistan’s works of art’. In The Art Newspaper X/97 (November): 27. Bailey, Martin. 2008. ‘Afghan objects seized in Britain will go home’. In The Art Newspaper, XVII/195 (October): 6. Bailey, Martin. 2011a. ‘Begram ivories to return home’. In The Art Newspaper, XX/223 (April): 8. Bailey, Martin. 2011b. ‘Stolen Buddha returns to Kabul’. In The Art Newspaper XX/223 (April): 1. Bajjaly, Joanne Farchakh. 2008. ‘Will Mesopotamia Survive the War? The Continuous Destruction of Iraq’s Archaeological Sites’. In The Destruction of Cultural Heritage in Iraq, edited by Peter G. Stone & J. F. Bajjaly, (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press), pp. 135-41. Baker, Heather D., Matthews, Roger J. & Postgate, John Nicholas. 1993. Lost Heritage. Antiquities Stolen from Iraq’s Regional Museums. Fascicle 2 (London: British School of Archaeology in Iraq). Bernard, Paul, Besenval, Roland & Marquis, Philippe. 2006. ‘Du “mirage Bactrien” aux réalités archéologiques: nouvelles fouilles de la Délégation Archéologique Française en Afghanistan (DAFA) à Bactres (2004–2005)’. In Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions [CRAI] 2006, (April/June), pp. 1175–1248. Bernard, Paul, Jarrige, Jean-Francois & Besenval, Roland. 2002. ‘Carnet de route en images d’un voyage sur les sites archéologiques de la Bactriane afghane (Mai 2002)’. In Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions [CRAI], 2002 (November/December), pp. 1385-1428. Besenval, Roland. 2013. ‘Les années noires du patrimoine archéologique d’Afghanistan (1980–2001). Chronologie d’un désastre’. In L’archéologie française en Asie centrale. 188
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Cultural objects disappear every da
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Countering Illicit Traffic in Cultu
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Foreword The International Council
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France Desmarais is the Internation
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Marina Schneider studied Law at the
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An International Observatory on Ill
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Introduction illegal import and exp
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Introduction Countering Illicit Tra
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Günther Wessel Dealers and Collect
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Searching for Traces IFAO). Shortly
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Searching for Traces antiquities fr
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Searching for Traces In the spring
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The Conflict Antiquities Trade: A H
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The Conflict Antiquities Trade De C
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The Conflict Antiquities Trade (Ply
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Donna Yates • Ceramics. Ceramics
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Illicit Antiquities in Cambodia 20
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Augustin Lazăr heritage and immate
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Michel L’Hour at the long standin
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