Living Well 60+ May-June 2014
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1 2 MAY/JUNE 2 0 1 4<br />
The More Things<br />
Change:<br />
We’ve come a long way from<br />
the huge computers of old<br />
by Charles Sebastian, Staff Writer<br />
“I think it’s fair to say that personal<br />
computers have become the most<br />
empowering tool we’ve ever created.<br />
They’re tools of communication,<br />
they’re tools of creativity and<br />
they can be shaped by their user.”<br />
– Bill Gates<br />
In 1946, the Electronic Numerical<br />
Integrator and Computer<br />
(ENIAC) was launched to<br />
calculate PILATES<br />
artillery firing tables for<br />
PLACE<br />
PILATES<br />
PLACE<br />
the U.S. Army’s Ballistics Research<br />
Laboratory. The ENIAC,<br />
which was conceived by a team<br />
at the University of Pennsylvania<br />
and brought to life at the Moore<br />
School of Electrical Engineering,<br />
took up an entire room.<br />
Today, an IPhone has more<br />
memory and capabilities than the<br />
ENIAC and can be carried in a<br />
pocket.<br />
The ENIAC started a revolution<br />
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based on vacuum-tube technology,<br />
which quickly became transistor-based<br />
as transistors evolved.<br />
This allowed for more compact<br />
models. Then integrated circuits<br />
started, which made smaller even<br />
more possible. Then there came<br />
microprocessors, which is where<br />
we are today. We have 100 times<br />
the storage on our iPods and laptops<br />
now than we did on personal<br />
computers in the 1980s. More and<br />
more applications arrive each day<br />
as computers never seem to find<br />
their threshold but keep developing<br />
new usages.<br />
While computers improve and<br />
change, just like almost anything<br />
else, what’s amazing is the exponential<br />
rate at which they improve<br />
and change. The ENIAC was<br />
designed for the same purposes as<br />
many golden-age computers: to<br />
run calculations and test probabilities.<br />
No one could have predicted<br />
computers would be used for gaming<br />
in what today is a billion-dollar<br />
industry. The computer gaming<br />
revolution started in the 1970s<br />
with games such as Combat,<br />
Pong and Space Invaders. Basic as<br />
they may seem today, these early<br />
attempts at computer gaming<br />
provided millions of<br />
users with endless<br />
fun. The Atari 2600,<br />
Commodore 64<br />
and Sega were some<br />
of the first gaming<br />
systems with massmarket<br />
sales and<br />
appeal.<br />
As impressive as<br />
the ever-advancing<br />
electronics in computers may be,<br />
what is equally impressive is the<br />
ever-widening array of applications.<br />
While Apple and Microsoft<br />
remain the two biggest kids on the<br />
block, much of their success and<br />
dominance lie in their ability to<br />
create applications that keep proving<br />
highly useful.<br />
Cellular phones, ATMs, the Internet,<br />
microwaves – the list of how<br />
computers have made life easier<br />
goes on and on. The concept of<br />
email, today a common element in<br />
life, was challenging for people to<br />
use when it was first introduced.<br />
With the apparent ease computers<br />
create for us, it’s typical to suspect<br />
they might somehow corrupt us.<br />
This was especially true as the<br />
personal computer developed in<br />
the 1980s because this is when<br />
computers scaled down to an<br />
individual level. The late Isaac<br />
Asimov said, “I do not fear computers.<br />
I fear the lack of them.”<br />
While Asimov’s statement was not<br />
shared by the populace 25 years<br />
ago, today it would certainly ring<br />
true. Computers, like any tool, are<br />
as good or bad, as right or wrong,<br />
as their users.<br />
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