VOLUME 5 - NOVEMBER 2016 - ETHNICITIES MAGAZINE

Violinist with 

Afro-Caribbean 

Seasoning, 

Get to know 

Joshue 

Ashby 

Page 23 

People - Origins - Cultures & more 

Afro-Colonial 

Traditions: 

Congo Costome Costume 

By Ninna Marie Ottey 

Page 5 

They came to build 

a Canal and 

they stayed 

By Dr. Alberto Barrow 

Page 15 

Volume 5 - November 2016 | www.ethnicitiesmagazine.com

CONTENT 

Editorial Letter...............................................................................................2 

By: Keila Salazar Moreno, B.A. 

Poem: Son of the Beloved Homeland…............…………………………..3-4 

By. Poet Robert Goodrich 

Afro-Colonial Traditions: Congo Costume…………………………........5-8 

By. Ninna Marie Ottey, B.A. 

Culture, Elegance, Empowerment, Respect and Unity.....…10-12 


How to make a pair of Congo trousers…………………..…………......…..14 

By: Ing. Ligia Grenald 

5 

Afro-Colonial Traditions: 

Congo Costume 

Ninna Marie Ottey, B.A. 

They came to build a Canal and they stayed……..……………....15-18 

By: Dr. Alberto Barrow 

Music and More..………………………………………..............…………………..20-21 

By: Idania Dowman, B.A. 

Violinist with Afro-Caribbean Seasoning: Get to know Joshue 

Ashby………...........................................................................…....………..23-28 


La Tribu……………………......................................................……….………..30-33 

By: La Tribu 

“Empowering Through Entrepreneurship and Network”....35-38 

By: Dr. Marcellues E. Hall 

15 

They came to build a Canal 

and they stayed 

Dr. Alberto Barrow 

Dental Whitening or Cleaning?......................................................40-43 

By. Dr. Vania Barrow 

Fish Protective effect on Neurodegenerative diseases......45-48 

By: Verónica Hidalgo, B.A., Nutritionist 

Coverage: Headwraps Workshop...…………………................……...49-51 

By. Prof. Selvia Miller 

Do you know who Charles Brooks was?.........................................52 


1 

**Ethnicities Magazine investigates the seriousness 

of their advertisers, but is not responsible with related 

offers they do. The opinions expressed by the authors 

do not necessarily reflect the position of editor of 

the publication. total or partial reproduction of the content 

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of Ethnicities Magazine is strictly prohibited. 

23 

Violinist with Afro-Caribbean Seasoning, 

Get to know Joshue Ashby

PRESIDENT & EDITOR IN CHIEF 

Keila Salazar Moreno, B.A. 

info@ethnicitiesmagazine.com 

ASSOCIATE EDITOR AND COLLABORATOR 

Judith Rapley Waterman, M.S.W. 

judith@judithrapley.com 

GRAPHIC DESIGN 

Stephany Salazar, B.A. 

stephany.salazar20@gmail.com 

PHOTOGRAPHS 

www.pexes.com 

www.freepiks.com 

www.pixbay.com 

Vince Fletcher, B.A. 

Bleca Jc 

COVER PHOTOGRAPH 


INTERVIEW PHOTOGRAPHS 

Stephany Salazar 

Flingüino - Bill Bytsura 

Neshan Image Production 

MARKETING AND PUBLIC RELATIONS 


NOVEMBER COLUMNISTS 

Poet Robert Goodrich, B.A. 

Ninna Marie Ottey, B.A. 

Ing. Ligia Grenald 

Dr. Alberto Barrow 

Idania Dowman, B.A. 

La Tribu 

Dr. Marcellues E. Hall 

Dr. Vania Barrow 

Prof. Selvia Miller 


SPANISH VERSION EDITOR 



ENGLISH VERSION EDITOR 

Judith Rapley Waterman, M.S.W. 

WEBMASTER 


EDITORIAL LETTER 

Through these first lines, I want to 

thank all of you who sent me emails 

with comments on our magazine and 

those who send contributions. I would 

also like to especially thank all our readers 

and followers on Facebook and 

Instagram. Every month our magazine 

is put together with the highest value 

content and standards thinking of you 

and projecting our ethnicity the way it 

should be. 

In this month of November, Panama is 

celebrating it’s national holidays! It is a 

beautiful land where the Creator gave 

me the opportunity to be born and do 

my assignment for this beautiful planet 

called Earth. I bless my homeland, 

all the people who live here and every 

single living plant and animal here 

also. 

I want to thank Joshue Ashby, for giving 

Ethnicities Magazine the opportunity 

to interview him. It is a great honor 

for us to have youth with a lot of talent 

from Colon like him on our cover. I really 

thank the Lord for his life and for his parents who always stayed on him to make sure 

he took the right steps in life. He has represented our country in a lot of places with his 

Musical Career, and most importantly has become a vessel to help other youth make 

their dreams come true. I hope you enjoy this great interview and for those who would 

like to know more about Joshue Ashby & Project C3 and Tagarópulos Foundation, that 

you’ll be able to find their information here. Also I’m specially gratefull with Stephany 

Salazar and Cristopher Moreno, who made possible this month’s beautiful cover photo. 

I invite you to read each one of the articles that we have for you in this fifth issue of Ethnicities 

Magazine. I remind you that you can share it with everyone you want through all 

social networks and if you’d like to print out a specific content, you can now download 

the magazine as a PDF in your smartphone, tablet or computer. 

“Knowledge is a marvelous treasure you should never stop sharing”. 

If you’d like to send us an article, comments or feedback, you can contact us through 

info@ethnicitiesmagazine.com. 

Remember to follow us on Facebook and Instagram as @ethnicitiesmagazine and on 

Twitter as @ethnicitiesmag. 

Blessings to all of you, 

www.ethnicitiesmagazine.com 

Keila Salazar de Moreno 

President and Editor in Chief 

Ethnicities Magazine 

2

LITERATURE 

SON OF THE BELOVED HOMELAND 

BY: ROBERT ALLEN GOODRICH VALDERRAMA 

PANAMA 

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 

Poem 

Photo:www.pixabay.com 

Robert Allen Goodrich Valderrama (Panama 1980): Poet, writer, essayist, blogger, academic, 

Ambassador of Peace, Promoter creator of Facebook Group Love for the Letters of the Blog 

My World www.robert-mimundo.blogspot.com. He has participated in more than 50 anthologies 

worldwide, his books edited by himself are published in Lulu.com in Amazon and 

other spaces. President UMECEP Panama, Universal Ambassador of Peace in Panama for 

the Universal Circle of Peace Ambassadors, Associate Member of North American Academy 

of Modern Literature USA, Corresponding Member Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 

of Iguaba Grande Brazil. Winner of several awards and his publications have been published 

in serveral medias such as: Poética Azahar Magazine, Cronopio Magazine Blog, Panama 

Lottery Cultural Magazine, Panama Press Newspaper, El Venezolano Newspaper of Panama, 

among others. 

3

Fatherland you rock me gently, 

Country of my loves, my homeland. 

I want to greet you on this day. 

Freedom that kisses your forehead. 

Ricardo Miró, the homeland of my love poem. 

Beloved son of the Fatherland, 

Of this beautiful country embroidered on the 

seas, 

the Atlantic and the Pacific, 

uniting the world through a Canal. 

A Bridge of the World and Heart of the Universe 

for many: Pro Mundi and Profit. 

Others live in foreign lands where wealth does 

not reach 

and others who wrap wealth in bruteness. 

In this country so wonderful 

Most beautiful floras and faunas 

So full of history 

So full of it all 

I was born there. 

In the country we feel progress. 

In large buildings, 

In banks and companies, 

In the pockets of corrupt politicians 

but not in the homes of the humblest. 

Those who still dream of riches 

with that Tacita de Oro, 

the Pearl of the Pacific, 

Embroidered country seas 

So much history it bears 

So much history it brings. 

A country sullied. 

A humiliated country. 

It re-emerged from the ashes 

Stronger than ever. 

And as that beloved homeland which was reborn 

Ave Féxix 

I feel the poet 

The dreamer, 

Man reborned stronger 

Every day and every time 

After having looked death in the eye. 

Rulers come and go. 

Promises come and go. 

Deceit and theft. 

Deceit and corruption. 

Nepotism and power. 

That power that can corrupt 

even the holiest of men. 

The Panama canal 

Which unites the worlds. 

Which unites the seas 

Which joins a Continent. 

The dream of many 

The blood of others 

The sweat from the brow of those who worked 

hard 

The memories of those martyrs who have gone. 

Who lost the battle of life 

to achieve the sovereignty of a people. 

The freedom of a country 

and the dream of all. 

Beloved son of the Fatherland. 

A gringo and a Panamanian 

with Colombian roots. 

With boiling blood through the veins 

Proud of his heritage 

Of their genes and their time. 

He struggled to excel 

in this jungle of asphalt. 

In a country full of lies 

Full of so many things 

Full of history 

Full of everything. 

I am the son of my beloved homeland. 

A country embroidered on the seas. 

My dear Panama, 

Although for many not considered 

I know what I am 

and I feel proud. 

I was born here 

In my beloved homeland 

In my beautiful Panama. 


4

CULTURE & FASHION 

AFRO-COLONIA 

BY: NINNA MARIE OTTEY 

notteymc@gmail.com 

Photos by Vince Fletcher 

For all panamanians, November is a very important 

month where we proudly display our culture despite 

being a small country. For years, I have seen how the 

traditional polleras, mainly from the Azuero region is 

highlighted among the parades, maybe because it’s one 

of the costumes we may know more and have exported 

as one the most beautiful in the world. 

The Congo culture in Panama regionalized its traditions 

and we know a little bit of our afro-colonial descendants 

sectorized mainly in the Colon province. 

In this issue, I am sharing interesting information about 

the history of the Congo and its feminine clothing including 

the reason of each piece of fabric, each necklace, 

flower or bracelet and how we celebrate them with the 

same recognition as we give to other costumes of our 

country for the next national holidays. 

5

L TRADITIONS: CONGO COSTUME 

When black slaves arrived in 1514, the Republic of Panama was the first American territory to 

have a predominantly black population, representing approximately 70% of the inhabitants. 

Maroon Negroes, who lived in areas further from the larger towns, managed to preserve their 

ancestral customs. Among them were the population we call Congos, from this African region 

of the same name from which the great provenance of black slaves arrived at the isthmus. Over 

time the word ‘congo’ became a generic name to describe the descendants of African blacks. 

AFRO-COLONIALS 

The Congo culture survived thanks to the use of “double entendre” the africans used as weapon 

of resistance. This language allowed them to communicate with each other while confusing the 

Spaniards. By distorting the meaning of every word, reality became ambiguous and the Africans 

became masters in the exchange of information.The ability to communicate with each other, 

without being discovered, made it possible to plan leaks and uprisings, as well as operate an 

elaborate espionage system. 

Today, the Congos besides being a culture, is also known as a musical genre and as an afro-colonial 

dance originating from them. It’s also considered as the oldest genre and dance with 

drums of the Isthmus of Panama. Currently the Congos are established mainly on the Costa 

Arriba and the Costa Abajo of the province of Colon. You can also find some towns and settlements 

in Curundú, Chilibre, La Chorrera and Chepo. Others near to Coclé and Veraguas near the 

Donoso area. 

6

CULTURE & FASHION 

CONGO TRADITIONAL COSTUME 

The Congo costume is called ropa plancha. It’s loaded with 

symbolism which traces back to their struggle for freedom and 

slavery. At that time black people could not own their costumes 

and were forbidden to have possessions. The dress also served 

as a key element to determine and identify the master and the 

slave. 

All the clothes were made of linen, silk, cotton or wool. Colored 

and printed fabrics were their favorites. If the fabric was opaque, 

they incorporated vivacious elements like patches or flowers. 

Usually, the Congos stole or collected material they found and 

shaped it to their needs. That’s why the pollera skirt of the congo 

is made with scraps of different fabrics. In fact, some of the 

pieces they used at the time were fabrics with embroidered work 

because many of them inherited the discarded clothes of their 

mistresses. 

Discordance is a vital element for the Congos. It is very stylized 

to mix colors that may not appear to match. 

THE POLLERA 

In this edition I would like you to know how elaborated congo costume 

of a congo woman is, without status and why of each piece: 

It can be made of up to three sections 

of stamped or smooth fabrics. In fact, 

the gala skirt or pollera of the congos 

of Chepo is made with red and black 

fabrics only. The pollera can be made 

with different type of fabrics as said 

before. Those of flower prints are the 

favorites, and the bigger the flowers, 

the better. The skirt could reach the 

head with the arms extended and 

should never be pleated at the waist. 

THE SHIRT 

They can vary according to the rank 

or the activity that the person performs. 

We have the shirt with several 

patchworks used inside or outside, 

the shirt with buttons in the back of 

different colors and shapes and the 

white shirt wear by the congas of 

rank with buttons at front, preferably 

silver buttons. 

This i 

is. Th 

Janua 

Ceniz 

like: E 

take p 

want 

I invit 

Tradic 

that th 

united 

7

NECKLACES 

BRACELETS AND A LOT OF 

RINGS. 

Should be seven necklaces or more 

of different lengths. In the past, natural 

materials such as: wood, shells, 

stones and coconut were used. The 

necklaces represent the union of the 

person with nature. The Congo culture 

considers part of a whole and in 

using natural elements, it manages to 

mimic itself to Mother Nature. 

s only a small portion of how elaborate the congo costumery 

ey highlight their traditions during the congo season every 

ry 20 until the early hours of Ash Wednesday (Miércoles de 

as). Some towns go out to the city for important festivities 

l Día de Colon (November 5th) or during the parades that 

lace during the Black Ethnicity Month in Panamá. If you 

to know more about the Congo culture and their costumes, 

e you to read “El Manual de Vestimenta Congo: Palenque 

iones de Mi Tierra” by Wendy Tribaldos. Let’s remember 

e country is a combination of several cultures united by the 

clamor for sovereignty. Happy Independence Day! 

HAIRSTYLES AND ORNAMENTS THE CULERA 

This is a cloth used on one shoulder 

when they accompanied their mistresses 

and could be used to clean 

themselves after meeting their sexual 

needs. Today it is only a representative 

ornament. 

Usually they roll their hair like ballerinas. 

They use real flowers like 

hibiscus, bougainvillea and chavelitas. 

Nowadays people use artificial 

flowers as well. It’s obligatory to 

wear the flowers called cañito lendro 

collected during the summer for 

the congo season. Traditionally, the 

flowers were used near the temple 

to hide a cut or patch with a “caraña 

hedionda” cream to prevent headaches 

or infections. It is very similar to 

the “pensamientos” costumes of the 

santeños. 

References: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congos 

2016. Manual De Vestimenta Congo: Palenque Tradiciones de 

Mi Tierra. Wendy Tribaldos. Marcia Rodriguez. Alejandrina Lan. 

Fotografías: Alexander Arosemena. 

8

CULTURE, ELEGANCE, EMPOWERMENT, 

RESPECT AND UNITY: 

PILLARS OF THE FIRST MISS DIASPORA INTERNATIONAL 

BY: KEILA SALAZAR MORENO, B.A. 

The first Annual Miss Diaspora Africa 

International Pageant (USA) 2016-2017 

was held in New York City. This contest 

promoted young, intelligent, beautiful 

and ambitious women from all walks 

of life and cultural backgrounds representing 

their homelands and the 

Diaspora as a whole. 

BEAUTY & CULTURE 

The purpose of the Pageant is to 

create a platform for women of 

the Diaspora to be represented in a 

respectable manner, while enlightening 

the world about their beautiful cultures. 

By embracing the authenticity of each ladies’ 

traditional customs specific to their country, island 

or state, while also opening their hearts and minds 

to embracing the cultural differences, the pageant candidates acknowledge the 

commonality of being daughters of the Diaspora. 

It is essential that all delegates of the pageant embody the five principles of the 

Miss Diaspora Africa International Pageant: Culture, Unity, Respect, Elegance 

and Empowerment. 

The MDA organization is fully committed to guaranteeing that the contestants 

volunteer, attend special events and fundraise for non-profits which empower 

their Caribbean, Latin America,and Diaspora communities. 

10

BEAUTY & CULTURE 

FIRST MISS DIASPORA AFRICA INTERNATIONAL WINNER 

Miss Diaspora Africa International’s first queen is, 

to whom we extend our congratulations. 

Abou-Nica Fomukong 

Here we share with you some words from her after being chosen the Queen of 

this beautiful contest: 

I would humbly like to thank TAL Global Events Inc for 

this breathtaking, honorable event! Words cannot express 

how grateful I am for the hard work and dedication of all 

who were involved, for this magical event to occur. The 

hands involved were not limited to the make-up artists, 

hair stylist, publishers, or photographers to name a 

few. This is my first pageant I have ever participated 

in and I have learned a lot from all the queens 

present. Congratulations to all the queens who 

participated and did not give up hope. You all 

deserve recognition as well! This journey does 

not stop here. I am looking forward to seeing 

the Miss Diaspora Africa International Pageant 

blossom and get as much exposure 

possible in the upcoming future. I believe that 

this pageant has a critical purpose and creates 

a movement to empower women of color 

in the global diaspora. Thank you very much 

from the bottom of my heart for this recognition! 

God bless. 

Much love, 

Abou-Nica Fomukong 

Miss Diaspora Africa International Queen 

2016-2017 

E.M.: WHO IS ABOU-NICA FOMUKONG? 

She is a neuroscience senior at Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana. She has worked in 

various places such as Sandoval County Judicial Complex where she handled confidential 

cases. She is currently a Home Health Aide where she takes care of medically fragile 

children. She believes being a Home Health aide exemplifies her interest in caring for 

children in the future. 

11

The versatile Abou-Nica Fomukong is twenty-one years old and was born in Little Rock, 

Arkansas and raised in Rio Rancho, New Mexico. Her family is from Cameroon, West 

Africa. She aspires to become a Pediatric Physician and to own a clinic someday. During 

her college career, she became a McNair scholar and has received a certificate for 

conducting research about gender differences in cardiovascular reactivity to physical 

appearance and performance challenges. Her favorite memories of New Mexico are the 

architecture, visiting the pueblos and eating green chili. 

For 2017, Miss Diaspora Africa International will be having its first contest in Panama, 

under ETHNICITIES MAGAZINE’s coordination, where the winner will travel to next year’s 

contest in NEW YORK. 

For more information about sponsorship of this contest, in the USA contact Tiffany Lovel 

at talglobalevents@gmail.com, and in Panama, Keila de Moreno at mdainternational. 

panama@gmail.com. 

More details soon on what the requirements are to participate in Panama’s MDA International 

casting. 

http://missdiasporaafrica.wixsite.com/2016. 

12

Services: 

Graphic Design 

Create arts for POP materials, advertisings, 

stickers, flyers, catalogs, business cards, 

arts for social media, logos, banners, posters 

and other adaptations of the arts for newspapers 

and magazines. Also, creation of characters. 

Video Edition 

Creation and editing of videos, addition of 

music or audio, texts and storyboard. 

Photography 

Use of Professional Camera, photo sessions, 

product shot, pet shots and more. 

For more information: 

(507+) 6949-7688 

stephany.salazar20@gmail.com 

Windows Mac OS Microsoft 

Office 

Adobe 

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Adobe 

Illustrator 

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Adobe 

Lightroom

HOW TO MAKE A PAIR OF CONGO 

TROUSERS 

BY: LIGIA GRENALD 

Industrial Engineer with masters in Higher Education and Business Administration, 

Member of COPA Airlines Corporate Training Department and President/CEO 

for SPEAK (Supporting Professionals in English And Knowledge) 

speakonlineeducation@speak.com 

We have all gone through the last minute rush 

that our children put us through in the months 

of May (Ethnicity and Black History month) and 

November (Panama celebration’s month) for 

national costumes or outfits. The Congo pants 

are usually very sought after and are sold at few 

places and to avoid the search, I invite you to 

create them yourselves. This is called DIY ( Do It 

Yourself). Allow me to explain step by step how 

it is done. 

MATERIALS 

Old Denim Trousers (Jeans), cut to the knee 

1 yard of fabric colors, squares, lines or 

flowers 

Glue (hot or cold) 

Scissors 

PROCEDURE 

I bought 1 yard of fabric of electrical colors. 1 yard of electric 

blue, green, yellow, one of orange and another of fuchsia. Cut 

into equal rectangles. You should obtain 32 pieces from each 

yard and a total of 160 pieces of colors for the clothing of the 

trousers. 

Next, I glued each piece, inserting the colors, starting from the 

bottom of the pants to the waist. I first made the back part and 

then when that dried, I proceeded to work on the front part of 

the trousers to complete the work. The result is a spectacular 

trousers that you will enjoy because you made it and your son 

will sport it with gusto, luxury and splendor! 

Option: You can sew the pieces instead of gluing the pieces together. 

14CREATING

SOCIAL 

THEY CAME TO BUILD THE CANAL A 

BY: DR. ALBERTO S. BARROW N. 

In 1882 The Star & Herald, the country’s oldest newspaper, 

when commenting about the wave of immigrants of the Caribbean 

colonies pointed out that: “These were arriving in excessive 

amounts and number of idles was increasing”. The reference 

had to do with the with the large number of unemployed people 

who were surrounding the terminal cities of Panama and Colón, 

after the interruption of the works of construction of the Canal 

by the French. With a rather sharp tone, a columnist from the 

same newspaper suggested to his readers two years later that 

the Isthmus could well be called “New Jamaica” since it had 

been colonized by Jamaicans, in such a great way that the its 

old personality (that of Panama) had “ completely disappeared. 

“ Another colleague (1887) had the opinion that the country 

would benefit if for any circumstances the mass of West Indians 

would find themselves forced to leave these lands. 

As you can observe, the fact of Panama becomin 

bean, because of its immigrant population, was n 

difficulties. I do not take the risk to affirm, as I hav 

I do it, that at the end of XIX century, Panama was 

a unquestionable Caribbean mood. Barbadians, M 

Grenadians, St. Lucians and Jamaicans populate 

principal cities: Panama y Colón. This generated a 

great part of Panamanian society. This highly com 

menon, in which there was a matrix due to the str 

of people with dark color skin who came from oth 

with their own culture, and different from the one 

existed in Panamanian society then, offers abund 

for its analysis, one of which I cover in the essay t 

blished on July 2012, under the title: THE ETHNIC 

THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF PANAMA. 

15

ND THEY STAYED* 

Velma Newton, a remarkable Barbadian 

historian and researcher, in a very widespread 

work of his titled“THE MEN OF THE 

SILVER ROLE: WEST INDIAN MIGRATION IN 

PANAMA 1850-1914”, has said that any of 

those migrations had a permanent impact in 

Panamanian society such as those coming 

from the British West Indies. “Of a few hundred 

in 1850 decade, the community grew 

up till become the larger group of foreigners 

in 1920, with nearly 36,000 people, of which 

4,000 were living in the Panama Canal zone 

and the other 32,000 represented 31 percent 

of the 103,876 habitants of the Republic of 

Panama” 

g more Caribot 

exempt of 

e done here 

exhibiting 

artiniquais, 

d its two 

rejection of a 

plex phenoong 

presence 

er latitudes, 

that already 

ant elements 

hat was pu- 

VARIABLE IN 

16

SOCIAL 

With the culmination of the principal 

labors in the Canal in 1913 about 5000 

workers were moved to Bocas del Toro, 

to work on banana plantations. There are 

documented references that sustain that 

there was a moment during the population 

development in the Isthmus, on which 

immigrants from the Caribbean far exceeded 

the rest of the habitants. Even for 

the 1920s, and although the construction 

of the Canal had long ceased, the West 

Indian flow to Panama continued. Jamaica 

continued to have the largest number 

of arrivals. In 1929, there were already 

24,000 West Indians in Bocas del Toro, 

although this number decreased with the 

transfer of the banana company of Chiriqui’s 

province. However, the majority of 

the West Indians concentrated in the cities 

of Panama and Colon, the terminal points 

of the canal. 

Data like that when kept in mind, as several 

historic sources have offered, clearly make 

it undoubtable that between Panama and 

the Caribbean, and especially Jamaica, are 

more Brotherhood ties, than those commonly 

perceived. These nations gave us the best of 

themselves: their sons and daughters, who 

dug near of 300 millions of cubic yards of land 

to make possible the great waterway. In that sense I think that Panama, after 

all, won. Today we are a bit of Jamaica and many other things. 

It is perhaps because of the above, that the patriotic pride and feeling of the 

Excavators — West Indian immigrants who participated in the construction 

of the Panama Canal- has been expressed so eloquently by Joseph Dixon, 

from Grenada, Island in the Poem “I’m not Panamanian”: 

17

I am not Panamanian 

because I’m not from here; 

I am West Indian 

And I was born in Grenada. 

Although I’m not Panamanian 

I can appreciate 

The Love of people 

I will always say hello. 

I’m not Panamanian, 

Grenada is my homeland, 

But I’m not ungrateful 

To my dear stepmother. 


But my children, 

of course they are; 

Everyone has their pride, 

And your heart too. 

Although I’m not Panamanian, 

My wife, of course she is; 

And our five children 

They are from this beautiful 

Panamanian land 

in which they were born under 

the isthmus moon 

In Colon City. 

I’m not Panamanian 

But I love this land; 

Where I have lived most part of 

my life. 


But what fault do I have; 

God is the only owner 

Of us and the world. 


Descendents of those men and women 

who arrived from the Caribbean, the 

same as their parents, constructors of the 

magnus work that’s part of the Panama 

Canal, continued to influence the formation 

of the nation-state, drawing its profile 

and contributing to the personality of the 

country, through multiple enforcement. 

*Extract of Essay “Panama is also Caribbean”. 

18

MUSIC AND MORE 

BY: IDANIA M. DOWMAN, B.A. 

It is for me a pleasure to have the opportunity to share, especially 

our youth, information and anecdotes, as answers to the confusions, 

doubts, and mysteries that musical history carries with it. Many times 

we don’t have people who can share real histories with them since 

most leave physically and take the true stories with them. 

That’s the reason why the objective of this column, is to share that 

information about music and our surroundings, curiosities and similarities 

in a healthy, respectful, specific, simple and direct way with you all. 

To start, I want to get started with the following topics: 

DO YOU KNOW HOW TO DEFINE WHAT MUSIC IS? 

Music, is the art of organizing emotional and logically, a coherent 

combination of sounds and silence, using principles that relate melody, 

harmony and rhythm. 

WHERE DOES MUSIC COME FROM? 

It comes from the greek term μουσική (mousike) that means, the art 

of muses. In prehistory, man found music in his own voice, nature and 

sounds that derived from friction and hits with artifacts like bones, reeds, 

logs, shells and others. 

Music always has been related with the surrounding emotions, for 

example religious rituals, war, mating, holidays, sadness and collective 

work. 

Actually, it is really hard to say exactly what’s the origin of music and 

frame it in a precise time in history. So the origin of music is understood 

to be the creation of complex sounds. 

Music has had in its development and growth many contributions. As 

we would never finish naming all musical scholars, through this column 

we will navigate that huge sea called MUSIC in a simple way starting 

with the music of our country, Panama, which had its different periods 

in which it was pronounced, its marked patterns and its footprints. 

20MUSIC AND MORE

MUSIC AND MORE 

CHARACTER OF THE MONTH 

You readers are the ones who make up the market of each trend based 

on your preferences. 

IN THE MEAN TIME... 

Through this media, you will receive an introduction to interesting coming 

exhibitions, discuss issues about Panama and music, its influences, products 

and so much more ... 

LET THE MUSIC KEEP ON! 

This space 

can be yours!! 

For more information, 

contact us at 



Phone: +507-62411167 

Follow us on:

EM: WHO IS JOSHUE AS 

DETAILS OF WHERE AND 

KNOW ABOUT YOUR FAM 

I was born in Colon on Novemb 

is a chef and my mom who is de 

ce. I believe very much in family 

up with my two brothers, Andrew 

husband and father of two beau 

born). 

PERSONALITIES 

VIOLINIST WITH AFRO-CARIBB 

SEASONING, GET TO KNOW JO 


Joshue Ashby: I am a violinist, e 

of the National Symphony Orch 

Director of the C3 Project, and A 

Camp of Colon. 

Of my ethnic origins, I can tell yo 

Afro-Nicaraguan father from Blu 

of San Andres in Colombia. My 

am proudly Black! (laughs) 

23

EAN 

SHUE ASHBY 

HBY? PLEASE PROVIDE US WITH 

WHEN YOU WERE BORN, LET US 

ILY AND YOUR ETHNIC ORIGINS. 

ducator and arranger. I am also a member 

estra, a professor at Danilo Perez Foundation, 

rtistic Director of the Youth Creative Musical 

er 1st, 1985. i was educated by my dad who 

dicated to providing spiritual coaching servivalues 

because I was raised that way. I grew 

, the eldest and Rey, the youngest. I am a 

tiful girls, Ashley (10 years) and Jazz (newly 

u that my mom is a descendant of a 

efields and her mother was from the Island 

dad is from Darien, also Afro-Panamanian. I 

EM: PLEASE SHARE WITH US WHERE YOUR PASSION 

AND PASSION FOR MUSIC WAS BORN AND FROM 

WHAT AGE DID YOU START YOUR MUSICAL CAREER. 

Joshue Ashby: Balboa, 3rd Street is the neighborhood where I grew up 

and where I learned to put into practice the belief of “No to violence.¨ I 

was surrounded by all types of people. Some educated and others without 

an education, but the majority of the young people of my generation and 

the generation of my brother Andrew (RIP) were walking towards a future 

with not very pleasant promises. Today most are in prison or dead. 

My parents enrolled me in a music course when I was 11 years old to help 

improve my behavior and keep me away from bad influences. For about 

three years that didn’t work because I did not want to be a musician. I was 

forced. My friends teased me and as an only child then, I did not understand 

what they were trying to do. Therefore, I decided to play a million 

pranks, scratching the teacher’s car and fighting with my classmates, etc. 

I was trying to get expelled from the course, but that did not work. 

Later on, Professor Elena Kitras invited us to the musical youth camp of 

the National Concert Association in Panama City. That was when I fell in 

love with music. I understood then that there existed a different world that 

was beyond my dreams. Many of the teachers of the camp were foreigners 

and told us not only how far they had come with music, but how 

happy they were by working in doing what they loved. 

24

Curr 

You 

of c 

PERSONALITIES 

EM 

HB 

WH 

SO 

TH 

Jos 

stud 

velo 

EM: WHAT INFLUENCES YOUR MUSIC? 

Joshue Ashby: My experiences! Although at the beginning I did not want to be a 

musician, music is something that most us, Afro, carry in our blood. So if you listen 

carefully when I play my violin, you will notice that a little bit of everything comes 

out of it: Reggae, Salsa, Hip-Hop and everything I’ve heard all my life since my 

childhood. Then there are the great masters who also influenced my musicality 

that I can mention: Graciela Núñez, violinist; Danilo Perez, pianist; Ruben Blades, 

singer; Pedrito Martinez, percussionist, and singer, among others. 

In th 

clas 

teac 

To l 

and 

www 

www 

EM: WHAT’S THE LEGACY YOU WANT TO LEAVE FOR YOUR 

CHILDREN AND FOR THE EARTH? 

Joshue Ashby: Regardless of what my daughters will choose in the future, I wish 

that they never lose the value of family between them and that they can pass this 

on to their descendants and that they can help people who need it. That is what I 

also wish for the whole humanity. 

EM 

MU 

Jos 

Nev 

25

: WHAT CAN YOU SHARE WITH US ABOUT AS- 

Y & C3 PROJECT FOUNDATION? HOW AND 

EN DID IT BEGIN? WHAT’S ITS ROLE IN THE 

CIETY AND HOW CAN YOUTH BECOME PART OF 

IS FOUNDATION? 

hue Ashby: JAC3P’s mission is to facilitate access to musician 

ents, to opportunities for education and support their human depment 

towards achieving their goals. 

ently, we work with Antonio Tagaropulos Foundation in Creative 

th Music Camp in Colon on a project that was born of the models 

ourses and classes that we teach in the Danilo Perez Foundation. 

is camp, the student strengthen human values and receive master 

ses in Musical Creativity, Jazz, and Improvisation from C3 Project 

hers and other guest musicians. 

earn more about our camp- dates and requirements- visit our web 

facebook pages: 

.fundaciontagaropulos.com 

.facebook.com/joshueashbyc3project 

: HOW FAR DO YOU WANT TO GO WITH YOUR 

SIC? 

hue Ashby: I wish the results of my efforts to go far and beyond. 

er going out of style!

PERSONALITIES 

EM: CAN YOU SHARE WITH US AN EXPERIENCE THAT IM- 

PACTED YOU PROFESSIONALLY ON ONE OF YOUR TRIPS? 

Joshue Ashby: Well, I can talk about my last three tours: 

USA Cultural Exchange Tour with C3 Project: The best and most shocking about 

this tour had nothing to do with the concerts, that’s what makes it striking. We 

stayed a week at the house of Master Danilo Perez, taking classes and tutorials 

for many hours every day. But guess what? The main lessons were not specifically 

about music. They were about applying human values throughout the music. And 

that’s a whole other league. (laughs) 

We wrapped up the concerts quickly and wanted to return home fast to receive our 

classes. The fact of knowing that there were rows of students and artists wanting 

to take classes with the teacher and that he gave priority to the Panamanians marked 

my life. At the end of the week, we began to evaluate how much we would have 

had to pay for those classes... Priceless... But the teacher told us, “It is not unpayable. 

Of course, you can pay for it, just not in money. Go to Panama, and implement 

and teach what you’ve learned.” 

Taiwan and Egypt with the Pan African Project: The treatment I sensed between 

local artists was highly respectful, therefore implementing it with us (foreigners) 

was very easy. The practice of respect was a value among colleagues and citizens 

in general and towards the artists, it was impressive. 

27

EM: WHAT MESSAGE CAN YOU GIVE TO OUR NATIO- 

NAL AND INTERNATIONAL READERS WHO HAVE A 

DREAM? 

Joshue Ashby:¨Perhaps there is someone saying, I would like to study to 

be “x”, but here there is no room for that and it does not pay well. Or I am 

a musician, or other professional, frustrated because my parents did not 

want me to be what I wanted to be. Phrases like these are very common 

from people who have stopped pursuing their dreams to please others or 

because they think they will not be paid well. 

The law of life that has never ceased to be fulfilled is this: What you sow, 

is what you will harvest. No matter what you do, if you do it with love, 

passion and dedication, you’ll have good fruits from it. Do what you love 

and love what you do, so that your happiness is eternal. 

28

LA TRIBU 

BY: GRUPO LA TRIBU 

PERSONALITIES 

Tribu as a group is special. It is a musical group that: 

1. fuses indigenous instruments with Rock’s universal language, in musical proposal based 

on ethno-fusion, 

2. uses different indigenous streams with the objective of transmitting ancestral knowledge 

to the public, 

3. includes staging of tribal dances, native instruments, indigenous language and 

4. has a social conscience message throughout the show, displayed with a great energy 

and good vibe that captivates the public from the first moment 

The group is formed by: 

(Guitar) 

(Drums) 

30

PERSONALITIES 

(Voice/Kamu) 

(Voice/Guitar) 

(Percussion) 

(Bass) 

(Dance) 

31

They’ve performed in the following events nationally: 

II y III Green Festival of Cultural Music 

MacroFest 

Open Festival 

Boquete Ecofest (Chiriqui) 

Qtarramusic (Chitre) 

Urrigan Fest (Gunayala Region) 

Icodub Fest (Gunayala Region) 

Family International Festival (Atlapa) 

Nick Vujick in Panamá, Opening 

Music Party (Casco Antiguo) 

MUPA Rock (Cinta Costera) 

Party around the world (Atlapa) 

160 Project (Santiago, Veraguas) 

Art Festival, Third Edition 

Private and charitable presentations 

Internationally: 

International Meeting JUCUM (Moravia, Costa Rica 2010) 

Cultural Exchange, Japan (Hiroshima, Ikwainu, Osaka y Tenry – 2013) 

First Indigenous Olympic Games (Palmas, Brazil – 2015) 

Alternative Unirock 2016 (Cali, Colombia) 

Barnaby Jons 2016 (Medellín, Colombia)

PERSONALITIES 

Their Special Edition album has the following songs 

1. For ever 

2. Olomachi 

3. Latin America 

4. My Life Changed 

5. Revolution 

6. In Peace 

7. Nabguana 

To contact them: 

Events coordination 

Giovanny Barrantes 

Phone. +507 6011-2909 

Email: gtriburock@gmail.com 

Road Manager 

Ing. Pedro P. Flórez 

Phone. +507 6909-0626 

USA +1(305)914-2371 

Email: producción@audioxpro.com 

Listen to their music: http://www.reverbnation.com/gtribu 

Follow them on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram y their YOUTUBE 

channel as GTRIBU. 

33

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BUSINESS COVERAGE 

Dr. Melida Harris-Barrow and Love, Truth 

and Peace Global Initiative collaborated 

with the JusBelieve organization this 

past week in Chicago to host the Entrepreneurs 

Network of Empowerment Conference. 

Love, Truth and Peace created 

this international business platform establishing 

successful venues such as the 

Panama World Trade Investment Foundation’s 

Annual Pavilion EXPOCOMER 

that includes over 35 countries. Together 

they gathered several international activists, 

community leaders, entrepreneurs, 

Chicago’s city youth and other international 

guests to deliver a message that 

would “shape the young generation”. 

EMPOWERING THROUGH ENTRE 

Dr. Marcellues E. Hall, Global Media Ambassador 

Panama World Trade Investment Foundation & Love, Truth and Peace 

The conference was led by Dr. Harris-Barrow 

who reminded the people that they 

should not let society mislead them into 

misrepresenting themselves and the 

legacy of their people. She referenced the 

destructive reputation of how countless 

African American communities across 

the United States are ingloriously personified 

as “crabs in a barrel”, desperately 

keeping one another socially and economically 

divided and suppressed. 

35 

Kimberly Ivory Graves, Dr. Lakisha Ross and Principal Mitchell John

PRENEURSHIP AND NETWORK 

Dr. Harris-Barrow uplifted the youth and other international 

community leaders from across the western globe, encouraging 

them that they are most certainly not crabs in a barrel. On the 

contrary, she protested that she passionately rebukes the idea 

that any such concept even exists. Reshaping the context of this 

erroneous and degrading illustration of African Americans she 

stated, “If people within the communities would learn to communicate 

they would see that they all want the same thing. And even 

furthermore, working together as single unit, they could happily 

achieve this goal, uplifting the African American nation as a whole 

and empowering the young generation.” A firm believer that it is 

up to the people to rehabilitate and heal their own communities, 

Dr. Harris-Barrow and Love, Truth and Peace rallied some of the 

nation’s most ambitious minds to spread the heartfelt inspiring 

message. 

son 

Dr. Birdy Haggerty, Lesley A. Williams & Dr. Harris Barrow 

36

Businesswomen Dr. Harris Barrow, Andrea Graham y Julia Mei 

Partnering together to incorporate a dynamic 

impact on Chicago’s city: Love, Truth and Peace 

and JusBelieve, Inc. showcased a powerhouse 

performance that will never be forgotten. Economic 

development is essential to Love, Truth and 

Peace. 

It’s aim is to support the economic well-being of 

families helping them establish themselves as 

proud contributors to their nation’s successful 

development. JusBelieve, Inc. is a forward-thinking 

social-media program that believes media 

and the knowledge of media, is key to giving 

young people a voice in their community and 

reaching further beyond. Love, Truth and Peace 

created an international robust platform that provided 

an opportunity for leaders and entrepreneurs 

to network with one another. 

Mustafa Stanley Azeem President of JusBelieve 

37

Achieving her goal of teaching entrepreneurs 

that the gateway to economic success 

is through networking and sharing 

information, the conference was highly 

regarded as a complete success. To demonstrate 

her profound belief in this 

philosophy, Dr. Melida Harris-Barrow and 

Love, Truth and Peace will be sharing the 

mailing with all who were present, a selfless 

effort that has never been done before. 

Businessmen Dr. Terrance Roberts, Dr. Harris 

Barrow y Derek Scott 

BUSINESS COVERAGE 

Luv that Scrub by Georgeina Driver 

When speaking with Dr. Melida Harris-Barrow 

she said, 

“This event will give all aspiring international 

business owners the tools to implement 

innovative solutions for their business. 

Through networking, collaborations 

and partnerships, people will be empowered 

and motivated to maximize their success 

in business.” 

Dr. Terrance Roberts presentation on Innovative 

Technology Solutions 

38

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DENTAL WHITENING OR CLEANING? 

BY: DR. VANIA BARROW 

VaniaBarrow26@hotmail.com 

Although our teeth are not like white chalk or white 

paper by nature, most people have the perception 

that their smile would improve if their teeth 

were whiter. 

HEALTH 

Nowadays our society pays too much attention 

to aesthetics and image, and within these parameters, 

perfectly white teeth are associated 

with beauty and health, not just oral, but general. 

Therefore, day by day teeth whitening or cleaning 

demands are increasing. 

As we age and also depending to our diet and 

habits, our teeth begin to darken. This process is 

influenced by different causes: 

Photo:www.pexels.com 

40

HEALTH 

Dental Whitening or cleaning is a conservative, 

therapeutic procedure indicated for the treatment 

of alterations in the teeth color. It is important to 

inform the patient that the tone of their teeth can 

be cleared one or two tones. Generally, patients 

request dental cleaning, because they think they 

teeth will stay as white as white chalk as they see 

on their favorite television and magazine artists. 

Often they do not know that that most of them 

use veneers that corresponds to other treatments 

that are totally different. 

Dental cleaning is achieved based on gel peroxides.. 

These gels can be applied by the dentist in 

the office and out of the office by the patient himself. 

This last one is usually applied with covers 

or buckets that allow the gel to remain in contact 

with the teeth for periods of approximately 2 to 3 

hours for a minimum time of two weeks. 

These gels cause oxygen to penetrate through 

the pores of the enamel (superficial layer of the 

tooth) and reach the dentin (deep layer of the 

tooth). This then causes the decomposition of the 

organic compounds trapped in it’s small particles 

that then reflect better the light and as a result 

clears the color of the teeth. The fact that these 

whitening agents penetrate the dentine can cause 

tooth sensibility during the treatment. 

Photo:www.freepik.es 

41

DENTIST’S OFFICE CLEANING 

Currently in the dental office teeth whitening process, 

the technique that is used is based on hydrogen 

peroxide gel, which is applied at high concentrations 

and produces faster changes. For its 

application it is essential to protect the gums and 

mucous membranes of the mouth from contact 

with hydrogen peroxide since this compound is 

an irritant. 

Usually, this procedure takes from 45 minutes 

to 1 hour and the patient can perceive changes 

in the shade of their teeth from the first appointment. 

Depending on the case and the origin of 

the stains, the dentist can suggest another office 

clearing appointment or have the patient continue 

to do it at home. 


CLEANING AT HOME 

In case your dentist recommends you to do your 

cleaning at home, you first need to take an oral 

mold of your teeth. Once you have received the 

buckets and the peroxide gel of carbamide or 

hydrogen, you’ll be able to take them home and 

apply according to your dentist’s indications. 

Remember you should not eat food with dark colors 

during the treatment and if you do, once the 

treatment completed, its effects will be reduced. 


42

HEALTH 

CLEANING EFFECT DURATION 

Dental cleaning effect can last 1 to 3 years. This 

can vary from person to person and it will last 

less on patients who smoke or eat a lot of dark 

foods. This is why it’s important to discuss your 

habits with your dentist before treatment. 

SIDE EFFECTS 

It is common during or after treatment that the 

patient experiences tooth sensitivity to cold. In 

some cases, patients present irritations or white 

patches in their gums, even throat irritation at 

times. These symptoms are temporary and they 

disappear a few days after the treatment ends. 


WHITENING TOOTHPASTE 

There are large number of whitening toothpaste in the market, however, these 

don’t have major impact on the shade of the teeth. Yes, they can be useful for the 

dental cleaning maintenance as they remove the stains that stick to the teeth. 

It is important to emphasize that the patient must have a good health and not 

have cavities or tartar. Dental clearance does not work on resins or porcelains, 

and in the case of temporary teeth made of acrylic, they can become discolored. 

43 

Dear Ethnicities Magazine friend: We encourage you to talk to your dentist 

about the type of dental cleaning best suited to your needs and lifestyle.

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HEALTH 

FISH PROTECTIVE EFFECT ON 

NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES 

BY: VERONICA HIDALGO, B.A. 

NUTRICIONIST – DIETIST Reg.345 

MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF PANAMA 

vhidalgo9@yahoo.es 

Fish is part of the Afro-caribbean’s traditional food. 

It is not surprising that in Panama being a country 

surrounded by seas, that this is one of the most 

consumed foods by the population in several ways. 

Within the nutritional components of this food, specially 

in fish oil, we can find a type of fatty acid called 

docosahexaenoic (DHA, C22: 6, Omega-3). 


45

Research done by scientists demonstrate that poor intake of omega 

3 leads to memory loss, depression, learning difficulties, cognitive 

impairment and visual acuity. However, all these problems can be 

reversed by complementing your diet with fish oil, especially rich in 

docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22: 6; omega-3). 

In patients with Alzheimer’s disease, it is often possible to observe 

lower levels of omega-3 fatty acids, both in plasma and brain; while 

individuals with a high intake of fatty fish and / or nutritional 

supplements with omega-3 fatty acids have a lower risk 

of developing the disease. In another study, boys 

and girls improved significantly their school performance 

after taking omega-3 fish oil tablets. 

However, you should be careful when taking 

fish oils as a dietary supplement, because of 

the risk of consuming dangerous amounts 

of dioxins, mercury and other heavy metals 

that are present in many fishes. 

NOW, WHAT IS OMEGA AND 

WHERE CAN WE FIND THEM? 

Phto:www.freepik.es 

DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID (DHA): Is a long chain 

(22: 6n-3) polyunsaturated omega 3 fatty acid, 

that is present in all body tissues and that has a 

liquid natural form and keeps this form even at low 

temperatures. DHA is an important structural and 

functional component of all cell membranes that 

make up the brain’s gray matter, which plays an 

important role in neuronal development. 

46

HEALTH 

DHA can be found in foods such as breast milk. It 

is the most abundant omega 3 fatty acid in breast 

milk, Fatty fish and viscera. It’s also possible to 

obtain DHA from natural vegetables source as Chia 

seeds, linseed, nuts, from two algae: Crypthecodinium 

cohnii and Schizochytrium. 

RECOMMENDED DHA INGESTION 

Adults:0.15 g/per day = 4 ounces prey fish of the 

size of the palm of your hand. 


Pregnant woman and breastfeeding 0,2 g/per day 

= 4 ounces prey fish of the size of the palm of your 

hand. 

Infant (6-12 months old) 10-12 mg/kg weight = 

Breast milk from 0 to 6 months exclusive, then 

extend it up to 2 years, but include complementary 

feeding 2 ounces (5 tablespoons) of blue fish from 

9 months. Fish should not be given before 9 months. 

47

In order to comply with these recommendations, 

we suggest you to include blue fish in your diet 

with the highest omega-3 content: salmon, horse 

mackerel, sardines, tuna, herring. It is recommended 

to consume this type of fish 2 to 3 times per 

week. 

References: 

Chile Foundation, website: http://www.fch.cl/ 

salmon-y-jurel-pescados-con-mayor-indice-de-omega-3/ 

leído el 5 de octubre de 2016. 

OMS, Technical Report Series 916. 

Report on world’s health 2002: Reduce risks and 

promote a healthy life. 

Ginebra, World Health Organization, 2002. 

Canedo Gutiérrez Alejandra Denis, Moscoso Zeballos 

Pablo Alejandro, Student of Nutrition and Dietetic 

Career of San Andres Major University 

48

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to our readers through 

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like this! 

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ethnicities 

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Contact us through www.ethnicitiesmagazine.com and 

fill out our contact form or email us at 

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COVERAGE 

http://www.tooncharacters.com/ 

HEADWRAP WORKSHOP 

BY: PROF. SELVIA MILLER PALMER 

Photos by Bleca Jc 

On October 24th, a headwrap workshop was held during 

the frame of the pink-light blue ribbon month (where, by 

whom). 

During this activity, testimonies and experiences were 

shared. One was architect Ariana Lyma Young Policani, 

a living example of Not giving up! 

Women who shared with us that day, were full of enthusiasm 

every time they had a head wraps placed on their 

head and they got used to looking at themselves in the 

mirror. 

49

I especially thank Architect Ariana Lyma 

Policani and Colon’s Municipality for 

the invitation. 

The objective of this workshop was to 

give options to the participants to improve 

their personal appearance and 

present them a new and ethnic alternative 

for their personal grooming. 

The workshop was promoted to primarily 

women survivors of cancer and 

those who are taking the chemotherapy 

and because of the effects of the treatment 

tend to lose their hair. 

There were also others dealing with 

other disorders where women lose their 

hair like Alopecia, where they typically 

would opt for other alternatives, like 

wigs or scarves. 

The idea is that through workshops like 

this women can opt to use this headwraps 

not only functionally but in an 

artistic and modern way. 

Head wraps give the the opportunity to 

highlight their physical features, raising 

their self-esteem in an impressive way. 

They experienced the diverse forms and 

styles in which they can use the headwraps. 

50

COVERAGE 

During the workshop they 

learned them different 

ways of tying them, which 

were elegant, yet simple 

and practical. 

For these workshops or conferences, you 

can contact Professor Selvia Miller by email 

selviamillerp@gmal.com or cel. +507 6728- 

3997. 

51

DID YOU KNOW WHO 

CHARLES BROOKS WAS? 


Charles Brooks was the inventor who designed 

the street sweeper and patented it on 

March 17th, 1896. Before he invented this 

street sweeper, streets used to be cleaned 

manually by workers picking up trash with 

their hands or sweeping it with brooms. 

Brooks’ invention was a truck with a series of 

brooms like brushes attached, which pushed 

trash and debris unto the side of the road. 

DID YOU KNOW? 

The implementation of this great invention 

initially faced a lot of resentment from 

workers who felt they could do a better job. 

Eventually, as cities grew bigger and more 

and more litter accumulated, the street 

sweeper became indispensable. 

http://www.worldsweeper.com/History/images/Brooks- 

Photo300w.jpg 

http://theblackhistorychannel.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/early-streetsweep.jpgPhoto300w.jpg 

52

VOLUME 5 - NOVEMBER 2016 - ETHNICITIES MAGAZINE

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