Survival of the Richest

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References 219. FATF. (2016). Anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing measures in Austria – 2016. p. 95 and 160. Accessed 24 November 2016: http://www.fatf-gafi.org/media/fatf/documents/reports/mer4/MER-Austria-2016.pdf 220. Tax Justice Network. (2015). Financial Secrecy Index. ‘Financial Secrecy Index – 2015 Results’. Accessed 18 November 2016. http://financialsecrecyindex.com/introduction/fsi-2015-results See also Table 3 in the chapter on ‘Hidden ownership’ 221. Meeting with Austrian official. 222. See Table 2 in the chapter ’Tax treaties’. 223. ActionAid. (2016). Mistreated. Published 23 February 2016. Accessed 25 November 2016: http://www.actionaid.org/sites/files/actionaid/actionaid_-_mistreated_tax_treaties_report_-_feb_2016.pdf See also Figure 3 in the chapter ‘Tax treaties’. 224. See Figure 4 in the chapter ’Tax treaties’. 225. Ramboll. (2016). European Commission Taxation Papers. Working Paper no. 61-2015. Study on Structures of Aggressive Tax Planning and Indicators. Published January 2016. Accessed 16 August 2016: http://ec.europa.eu/ taxation_customs/resources/documents/taxation/gen_info/economic_analysis/tax_papers/taxation_paper_61.pdf. See also Figure 1 under the chapter ’Harmful tax practices’. 226. KPMG. (2013). Global Transfer Pricing Review – Austria. Accessed 20 August 2016: https://www.kpmg.com/Global/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/gtps-2012/austria.pdf 227. van de Velde, Elly. (2015). Tax rulings in the EU Member States. Study for the European Parliament’s Committee for Economic and Monetary Affairs. p. 46. Published November 2015. Accessed 19 August 2016: http:// www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2015/563447/IPOL_ IDA(2015)563447_EN.pdf 228. See Table 1 and Figure 2 in the chapter ’Sweetheart deals’. 229. Belgische Kamers van Volksvertegenwoordigers, Integraal verslag met vertaald beknopt verslag van de toespraken, Commissie voor de Financiën en de Begroting, https://www.dekamer.be/doc/CCRI/pdf/54/ic374.pdf 230. De Redactie.be. (2016) Eerlijke belastingen. De Vlaming wacht erop. Published 16 March 2016: http://deredactie.be/cm/vrtnieuws/politiek/1.2601096 231. De Standaard. (2016). Overzicht: Belgen betrokken bij de Panama Papers. Published: 8 April 2016: http://www.standaard.be/cnt/ dmf20160408_02226219 232. De Standaard. (2016). Van Overtveldt: ‘De publieke opinie pikt dit niet meer, en ik ook niet.’. Published: 12 April 2016: http://www.standaard.be/cnt/ dmf20160412_02232676 233. Johan Van Overtveldt. (2016). Pakket extra maatregelen tegen fiscale fraude. Published: 12 April 2016: http://vanovertveldt.belgium.be/nl/pakket-extra-maatregelen-tegen-fiscale-fraude 234. See below under ‘Harmful Tax Practices’ 235. De Standaard. (2016). Belgie ligt dwars bij onderhandelingen over belastingontwijking. Published 17 June 2016: : http://www.standaard.be/cnt/ dmf20160617_02344263 236. De Redactie.be. (2016). Van Overtveldt denkt aan vennootschapsbelasting van 20 procent tegen 2020. Published 24 August 2016: http://deredactie.be/ cm/vrtnieuws/politiek/1.2751136 237. Service public fédéral Justice. (2014). Arrêté royal portant modification des arrêtés royaux relatifs aux comptes annuels et aux comptes consolidés des établissements de crédit, des entreprises d’investissement et des sociétés de gestion d’organismes de placement collectif. Dated 27 November 2014. Accessed 9 September 2016: http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi_loi/ change_lg.pl?language=fr&la=F&table_name=loi&cn=2014112701 238. Programmawet van 1 juli 2016, http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi_loi/ change_lg.pl?language=nl&la=N&table_name=wet&cn=2016070101. The Belgian law transposes the model legislation developed by the OECD in its ‘country-by-country reporting implementation package’ of May 2015. OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project, Action 13/ Country by Country Reporting Implementation Package, http://www.oecd.org/ctp/ transfer-pricing/oecd-releases-implementation-package-for-beps-country-by-country-reporting.htm 239. KPMG. (2016). Belgium: Law introducing country-by-country reporting and transfer pricing documentation requirements published. Dated 6 July 2016: https://home.kpmg.com/be/en/home/insights/2016/07/country-by-country-reporting-law.html 240. Belgische Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers, Ontwerp van Programmawet. Nr. 1875/004. Dated 22 June 2016: : http://www.dekamer.be/ FLWB/PDF/54/1875/54K1875004.pdf p.111. 241. Belgische Kamer van Volkvertegenwoordigers, Ontwerp van Programmawet, Amendementen ingediend in de Commissie voor de Financiën en de Begroting. Doc. Nr. 1875/012. Dated 30 June 2016: https://www. dekamer.be/kvvcr/showpage.cfm?section=/flwb&language=nl&cfm=/site/ wwwcfm/flwb/flwbn.cfm?legislat=54&dossierID=1875 p.40. 242. Conseil consultative sur la coherence des politiques en faveur du developpement. (2016). La reporting public pays par pays des grandes enterprises. Dated 27 June 2016: http://www.ccpd-abco.be/advice/le-reporting-publicpays-par-pays-des-grandes-entreprises/ 243. Belgische Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers, Algemene beleidsnota Financiën en fiscale fraudebestrijding, 28 oktober, Doc. 54 2111/013, p. 21, http://www.dekamer.be/flwb/pdf/54/2111/54K2111013.pdf 244. Belgische Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers, Algemene beleidsnota Financiën en fiscale fraudebestrijding, 28 oktober, Doc. 54 2111/013, p. 21, http://www.dekamer.be/flwb/pdf/54/2111/54K2111013.pdf 245. Answers by the “Belgian Financial Intelligence Processing Unit (CTIF-CFI)” to Eurodad’s questionnaire 246. Tax Justice Network. (2015). Financial Secrecy Index. ‘Financial Secrecy Index – 2015 Results’. Accessed 18 November 2016. http://financialsecrecyindex.com/introduction/fsi-2015-results See also Table 3 in the chapter on ‘Hidden ownership’ 247. See Table 2 and Figure 4 in the chapter ’Tax treaties’. 248. ActionAid. (2016). Mistreated. Published 23 February 2016. Accessed 25 November 2016: http://www.actionaid.org/sites/files/actionaid/actionaid_-_mistreated_tax_treaties_report_-_feb_2016.pdf See also Figure 3 in the chapter ‘Tax treaties’. 249. 11.11.11. (2016). Belgian tax treaties cost developing countries millions every year. http://www.11.be/en/wat-doet-11-11-11/item/belgian-tax-treaties-cost-developing-countries-millions-every-year 250. 11.11.11. (2016). Belgian tax treaties cost developing countries millions every year. http://www.11.be/en/wat-doet-11-11-11/item/belgian-tax-treaties-cost-developing-countries-millions-every-year 251. Belgische Kamers van Volksvertegenwoordigers, Hoorzittingen: De internationale verdragen inzake fiscale aangelegenheden. Doc. Nr. 1768/001: https://www.lachambre.be/flwb/pdf/54/1768/54K1768001.pdf 252. Belgische Kamers van Volksvertegenwoordigers, Voorstel van Resolutie betreffende het Belgisch fiscaal verdragsbeleid. Doc. Nr. 1877/001. Dated 3 June 2016: http://www.dekamer.be/FLWB/PDF/54/1877/54K1877001.pdf 253. Answer of Minister of Finance Johan Van Overtveldt to a Parliamentary Question by Wouter De Vriendt (Ecolo-Groen), http://www.dekamer.be/ kvvcr/showpage.cfm?section=qrva&language=nl&cfm=qrvaXml.cfm?legislat=54&dossierID=54-B036-902-0411-2014201503683.xml 254. http://ccff02.minfin.fgov.be/KMWeb/document.do?method=view&id=905a1 5c7-b624-4215-a9e7-a70d140fdc82#findHighlighted 106 • Survival of the Richest
References 255. Rekenhof (2011), Internationale samenwerking van de Belgische belastingdiensten, Verslag van het Rekenhof aan de Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers, pp. 14-15 256. Answer of Minister of Finance Johan Van Overtveldt to a Parliamantary Question by Roel Deseyn (CD&V), Schriftelijke vraag en antwoord nr 0623. Dated 4 November 2015: https://www.dekamer.be/kvvcr/showpage.cfm?- section=qrva&language=nl&cfm=qrvaXml.cfm?legislat=54&dossierID=54 -b054-902-0623-2015201605835.xml 257. Answer of Minister of Finance Johan Van Overtveldt to a Parliamentary Question by Wouter De Vriendt (Ecolo-Groen), Schriftelijke vraag en antwoord nr. 0411. Dated 18 June 2015: https://www.dekamer.be/kvvcr/showpage.cfm?section=qrva&language=nl&cfm=qrvaXml.cfm?legislat=54&dossierID=54-b036-902-0411-2014201503683.xml 258. La Libre. (2016). Réforme de l'impôt des sociétés: Michel rappelle l'exigence de neutralité budgétaire. Published 31 August 2016. Accessed 19 November 2016: http://www.lalibre.be/economie/libre-entreprise/ reforme-de-l-impot-des-societes-michel-rappelle-l-exigence-de-neutralite-budgetaire-57c6da0235709333b7f660a8 259. Confederation Fiscale European. Corporate Income Tax in Belgium: http:// www.cfe-eutax.org/taxation/corporate-income-tax/belgium 260. Van de Poel, J. (2015), ‘Wat na Luxleaks?’, in: Sampol, 1, pp. 36-45 261. Ramboll. (2016). European Commission Taxation Papers. Working Paper no. 61-2015. Study on Structures of Aggressive Tax Planning and Indicators. Published January 2016. Accessed 16 August 2016: http://ec.europa.eu/ taxation_customs/resources/documents/taxation/gen_info/economic_analysis/tax_papers/taxation_paper_61.pdf. See also Figure 1 under the chapter ’Harmful tax practices’. 262. Federal Public Service, Finance. (2013). Notional Interest Deduction: an innovative Belgian tax incentive. Accessed 15 September 2016: http://www. minfin.fgov.be/portail2/belinvest/downloads/en/publications/bro_notional_interest.pdf 263. Federale Overheidsdienst Financien. (2014). Notionele Interstaftrek. Accessed 20 September 2014: http://financien.belgium.be/nl/ondernemingen/vennootschapsbelasting/belastingvoordelen/notionele_interestaftrek/#q2 264. Fisconetplus. Code des impots sur les revenus 1992, article 344. Accessed 29 November 2016: http://ccff02.minfin.fgov.be/KMWeb/document. do?method=view&id=112d14a4-998f-4c93-9c01-7e8031923abd#findHighlighted 265. Calculations by Marco Van Hees. (2013), Belastingparadijs België, Berchem, EPO. p. 38. 266. Marc Auerbach. (2016). IKEA: Flat Pack Tax Avoidance. Commissioned by Greens/European Free Alliance Group in the European Parliament. Dated February 2016: http://www.greens-efa.eu/fileadmin/dam/Documents/ TAXE_committee/Report_IKEA_tax_avoidance_Feb2016.pdf 267. The Greens/European Free Alliance. (2016). IKEA Flat Pack Tax Avoidance. New episode. Dated 25 April 2016: http://www.greens-efa.eu/ikea-flatpack-tax-avoidance-15484.html 268. PWC. Belgian R & D tax incentives support innovation: http://www.pwc.be/ en/services/tax/tax-management-accounting/tax-compliance-tax-advice/ optimise-belgian-tax-payments/research-development-incentives.html 269. KPMG. (2016). Belgium: Patent box regime reversed; new deduction for innovation income. Dated 20 July 2016: https://home.kpmg.com/xx/en/ home/insights/2016/07/tnf-belgium-patent-box-regime-revised-new-deduction-for-innovation-income.html 270. KPMG. (2016). Belgium: Patent box regime reversed; new deduction for innovation income. Dated 20 July 2016: https://home.kpmg.com/xx/en/ home/insights/2016/07/tnf-belgium-patent-box-regime-revised-new-deduction-for-innovation-income.html and PwC. (2016). New patent income deduction (PID) regime: Innovation Income Deduction. Dated 24 August 2016. Accessed 19 November 2016: https://news.pwc.be/new-patent-income-deduction-pid-regime-innovation-income-deduction/ 271. PwC. (2016). New patent income deduction (PID) regime: Innovation Income Deduction. Published 24 August 2016. Accessed 19 November 2016: https://news.pwc.be/new-patent-income-deduction-pid-regime-innovation-income-deduction/ 272. KPMG. (2016). Belgium: Patent box regime reversed; new deduction for innovation income. Dated 20 July 2016: https://home.kpmg.com/xx/en/ home/insights/2016/07/tnf-belgium-patent-box-regime-revised-new-deduction-for-innovation-income.html 273. OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project. (2015). Action 5: Agreement on Modified Nexus Approach for IP Regimes. Accessed 15 September 2016: https://www.oecd.org/ctp/beps-action-5-agreement-on-modifiednexus-approach-for-ip-regimes.pdf 274. KPMG. (2016). Belgium: Patent box regime reversed; new deduction for innovation income. Dated 20 July 2016: https://home.kpmg.com/xx/en/ home/insights/2016/07/tnf-belgium-patent-box-regime-revised-new-deduction-for-innovation-income.html 275. Article 185 §2 of the « Code des Impôts sur le revenu 1992/ Wetboek van de inkomstenbelastingen 1992 » as modified by the law of the 21st of june 2004 (M.B./B.S. 9th of july 2004); see also Gambini, A., “« Excess profit ruling » ou comment la Belgique a légalisé l’évasion fiscale des multinationals”, January 2015, http://www.cncd.be/Excess-profit-ruling-ou-comment-la 276. European Commission, press release, 11 January 2016, «State aid: Commission concludes Belgian "Excess Profit" tax scheme illegal; around €700 million to be recovered from 35 multinational companies”, http://europa. eu/rapid/press-release_IP-16-42_en.htm 277. Knack. (2016). Belgie gaat in beroep tegen Europees verbod op fiscaal gunstregime voor multinationals. Published 4 April 2016: http://trends. knack.be/economie/beleid/belgie-gaat-in-beroep-tegen-europees-verbod-op-fiscaal-gunstregime-voor-multinationals/article-normal-687277. html 278. Order of the President of the General Court. (2016). Case T131/16 R, Kingdom of Belgium v European Commission. Dated 19 July 2016: http://curia. europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=181920&pageIndex- =0&doclang=EN&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=202847 279. See Table 1 and Figure 2 in the chapter ’Sweetheart deals’. 280. See Table 1 and Figure 2 in the chapter ’Sweetheart deals’. 281. Eurodad et al. (2015). 50 Shades of Tax Dodging – The EU’s role in supporting an unjust global tax system. Published November 2015. Accessed 29 November 2016: http://www.eurodad.org/files/pdf/1546494-fifty-shadesof-tax-dodging-the-eu-s-role-in-supporting-an-unjust-global-tax-system. pdf 282. Minister of Finance, Andrej Babiš, after informal ECOFIN in Amsterdam in April 22 a 23 2016. Accessed on 28 November 2016: http://www.mfcr.cz/ cs/zahranicni-sektor/rada-eu-ecofin/vysledky-ze-zasedani-rady-ecofin/2016/ministri-financi-eu-jednali-o-postupu-v-24728, 283. Politico. (2016). Maverick Czech’s tax fraud fight. Published 18 June 2016. Accessed 25 November 2016: http://www.politico.eu/pro/corporate-brussels-tax-dodger-czech-threatens-eu-tax-revamp/ 284. Draft Strategického rámce, Česká republika 2030. Draft document prepared by the Government Council for Sustainable Development, version consulted on with Glopolis from 4 October 2016. 285. Epravo.cz. (2014). Zákon, kterým se mění některé zákony v souvislosti se stanovením přístupu k činnosti bank, spořitelních a úvěrních družstev a obchodníků s cennými papíry a dohledu nad nimi. Published 22 July 2014. Accessed 17 August 2016: http://www.epravo.cz/_dataPublic/sbirky/2014/ sb0058-2014.pdf 286. Mezinárodní iniciativy proti vyhýbání se daňovým povinnostem v oblasti Survival of the Richest • 107
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Survival of the Richest Europe’s
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Contents Acronyms 4 Glossary 5 Exec
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Glossary Advance Pricing Agreement
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Glossary Tax treaty A legal agreeme
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Executive summary Global solutions
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Global developments 2016 Developing
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Global developments 2016 Box 1 Conc
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Europe’s role in upholding an unj
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Europe's role in upholding an unjus
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Report findings Financial and corpo
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Specific findings Survival of the R
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Methodology for country rating syst
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AUSTRIA TRANSPARENCY REPORTING TAX
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FINLAND TRANSPARENCY REPORTING TAX
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ITALY TRANSPARENCY REPORTING TAX TR
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NORWAY TRANSPARENCY REPORTING TAX T
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SWEDEN TRANSPARENCY REPORTING TAX T
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Recommendations 7. All EU countries
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Austria Taxation Tax treaties Austr
Page 55 and 56: Belgium Taxation Tax treaties In to
Page 57 and 58: Belgium Global solutions Belgium di
Page 59 and 60: Czech Republic According to the 201
Page 61 and 62: Denmark Taxation Tax treaties Tax t
Page 63 and 64: Finland Ownership transparency Finl
Page 65 and 66: France “Of course, the fight agai
Page 67 and 68: France Taxation Tax treaties In tot
Page 69 and 70: Germany In July 2016, the European
Page 71 and 72: Ireland Furthermore, it should be n
Page 73 and 74: Italy “After our meeting in Milan
Page 75 and 76: Latvia “We still have a high inco
Page 77 and 78: Latvia Global solutions The Latvian
Page 79 and 80: Luxembourg One Luxembourg newspaper
Page 81 and 82: Netherlands One of the most crucial
Page 83 and 84: Norway Overview Once the Panama Pap
Page 85 and 86: Poland “It seems to us that those
Page 87 and 88: Slovenia In May 2016, the Financial
Page 89 and 90: Slovenia Global solutions Despite p
Page 91 and 92: Spain Taxation Tax treaties The Spa
Page 93 and 94: Sweden Taxation Global solutions Ta
Page 95 and 96: United Kingdom Anti-Corruption Summ
Page 97 and 98: United Kingdom There are broadly tw
Page 99 and 100: References 34. Government of the Un
Page 101 and 102: References 87. European Parliament.
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