Polar Bear

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Disclaimer: This Conservation Management Plan (Plan) delineates reasonable actions we, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife (USFWS), believe will contribute to the conservation and recovery of polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Funds necessary to achieve the objectives identified in this Plan are subject to budgetary and other constraints, as well as the need to address other agency priorities. This Plan does not necessarily represent the views, official positions, or approval of any individuals or agencies involved in its formulation, other than USFWS. The approved Plan will be subject to modification as dictated by new findings, changes in species status, and the completion of conservation management actions. This Plan represents the views and interpretations of the USFWS regarding the conservation and recovery of the polar bear only. USFWS’s approach set forth in this polar bear Conservation Management Plan does not necessarily preclude other approaches in developing Endangered Species Act recovery plans or Marine Mammal Protection Act conservation plans. Literature citation should read as follows: Citation: U.S. Fish and Wildlife. 2016. Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Conservation Management Plan, Final. U.S. Fish and Wildlife, Region 7, Anchorage, Alaska. 104 pp. The Plan was written by Michael C. Runge and Jenifer Kohout, with significant written contributions from Todd Atwood, Mary Colligan, Dave Douglas, Karen Oakley, Eric Regehr, Karyn Rode, Christopher Servheen, Rhonda Sparks, Kim Titus, Jim Wilder, and Ryan Wilson. The Plan can be downloaded from: https://www.fws.gov/alaska/fisheries/mmm/polarbear/pbmain.htm Polar bear cover photos, USFWS
Polar Bear Conservation Management Plan Prepared by the Polar Bear Recovery Team: Region 7 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Anchorage, Alaska Approved: /s/ Gregory E. Siekaneic Regional Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Date: 20 December 2016 Polar Bear Conservation Management Plan 1
Page 1: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pola
Page 5 and 6: Contents Executive Summary.........
Page 7 and 8: Executive Summary Today, polar bear
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Page 11 and 12: I. Background I. BACKGROUND Polar b
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Page 15 and 16: II. Conservation Strategy II. CONSE
Page 17 and 18: III. Management Goals and Criteria
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IV. Conservation Management Strateg
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V. Literature Cited V. LITERATURE C
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V. Literature Cited National Marine
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V. Literature Cited Wade, P.R. 1998
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VI. Glossary Population. A group of
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Appendix A—Background APPENDIX A
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Appendix A—Background bears are f
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Appendix A—Background Sea ice is
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Appendix A—Background et al. 2015
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Appendix A—Background of the Conv
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Appendix A—Background Polar Bears
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Appendix A—Background (e.g. giard
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Appendix A—Background overall. Th
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Appendix A—Background mitigate im
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Appendix A—Background of subsiste
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Appendix A—Background Blank, J.J.
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Appendix A—Background Environment
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Appendix A—Background Lunn, N.J.,
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Appendix A—Background Rode, K.D.,
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Appendix A—Background Voorhees, H
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Appendix B—Specific Conservation
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Appendix C—Population Dynamics an
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Polar Bear

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