Humane-Slaughter-Guidelines

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Anatomic landmarks for use of the penetrating captive bolt and gunshot In bovines, the point of entry of the projectile should be at the intersection of two imaginary lines, each drawn from the outside corner of the eye to the center of the base of the opposite horn (Figure 6a). 90 Alternatively in long faced cattle or young-stock, a point on the midline of the face that is halfway between the top of the poll and an imaginary line connecting the outside corners of the eyes can be used (Figure 6b). c Firearms should be positioned so that the muzzle is perpendicular to the skull to avoid ricochet. The location for placement of a captive bolt for entry of a free bullet or shooting goats is illustrated in Figure 7. The optimal position is approximately 1 ½ inches (3.8 cm) behind (toward the back of the head) an imaginary line connecting the outside corners of the eyes with the projectile directed toward the back of the throat. An alternate site may be determined by using the intersection of two imaginary lines, each drawn from the outside corner of the eye to the center of the base of the opposite ear with the projectile directed toward the back of the throat. d The location for placement of a captive bolt or entry of a free bullet for shooting of sheep is illustrated in Figure 8. The optimal position for hornless sheep is the top of the head on the midline. 90 An alternate site is the frontal region. 90 For heavily horned sheep, the optimal site is behind the poll aiming toward the angle of the jaw. 90 There are three possible sites for shooting swine: frontal, temporal, and from behind the ear toward the opposite eye (Figure 9). 91 The frontal site is in the center of the forehead slightly above a line drawn between the eyes. The projectile should be directed toward the A B Figure 6—Anatomic site for gunshot or placement of a captive bolt and desired path of the projectile in cattle. The point of entry of the projectile should be at the intersection of two imaginary lines, each drawn from the outside corner of the eye to the center of the base of the opposite ear (A). Alternatively in long faced cattle or young-stock (B), a point on the midline of the face that is halfway between the top of the poll and an imaginary line connecting the outside corners of the eyes can be used. (Adapted with permission from Shearer JK, Nicoletti P. Anatomical landmarks. Available at: www.vetmed.iastate.edu/vdpam/extension/ dairy/programs/humane-euthanasia/anatomical-landmarks. Accessed Jun 24, 2011.) Figure 7—Anatomic sites for gunshot or placement of captive bolts and desired path of the projectile in goats. The optimal position is determined by using the intersection of two imaginary lines, each drawn from the outside corner of the eye to the center of the base of the opposite ear with the projectile directed toward the back of the throat. (Adapted with permission from Shearer JK). 32 AVMA Guidelines for the Humane Slaughter of Animals: 2016 Edition
A B Figure 8—For polled sheep (A), the proper site is at or slightly behind the poll aiming toward the angle of the jaw (ie, base of the tongue). Alternatively, a site high on the forehead aiming toward the foramen magnum (or spinal canal; B) or aiming toward the angle of the jaw or base of the tongue may be used. (Adapted with permission from Shearer JK, Nicoletti P. Anatomical landmarks. Available at: www.vetmed.iastate.edu/vdpam/extension/ dairy/programs/humane-euthanasia/anatomical-landmarks. Accessed Jun 24, 2011.) spinal canal. The temporal site is slightly anterior and below the ear. The correct anatomic site for application of gunshot and penetrating captive bolt for equids is illustrated in Figure 10. 91 The site for entry of the projectile is described as being on the intersection of two diagonal lines, each running from the outer corner of the eye to the base of the opposite ear. T2.2 Electric Electric stunning for humane slaughter causes immediate loss of consciousness. 59,92 Alternating current has been used to euthanize dogs, cattle, sheep, goats, Figure 9— There are three possible anatomic sites for gunshot and penetrating captive bolt application in swine: frontal, temporal and from behind the ear toward the opposite eye. The frontal site is in the center of the forehead slightly above a line drawn between the eyes. The bolt or bullet should be directed toward the spinal canal. The temporal site is slightly anterior and below the ear. The ideal target location and direction of aim may vary slightly according to breed and the age of the animal (due to growth of the frontal sinuses). (Adapted with permission from Shearer JK, Nicoletti P. Anatomical landmarks. Available at: www.vetmed.iastate.edu/vdpam/extension/dairy/programs/humane-euthanasia/anatomical-landmarks.Accessed Jun 24, 2011.) swine, chickens, foxes, mink, and fish. 55,76,80,92–101 When done correctly, electric stunning produces grand mal seizures, which have a tonic (rigid) action followed by clonic (paddling) action. These seizures occur prior to the electric transmission of pain stimuli to the CNS, so the procedure is not painful or distressful. To produce the grand mal seizure, electrodes must AVMA Guidelines for the Humane Slaughter of Animals: 2016 Edition 33
Page 1 and 2: AVMA Guidelines for the Humane Slau
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Part I—Introduction I1.
Page 5 and 6: AVMA Guidelines for the Humane Slau
Page 7 and 8: ence of the animal and competence o
Page 9 and 10: unconscious animals may be mistaken
Page 11 and 12: History of Regulations, Industry Gu
Page 13 and 14: FSIS has two excellent examples of
Page 15 and 16: mal is in poor condition prior to l
Page 17 and 18: slaughter plants shows that vocaliz
Page 19 and 20: D1.7 Conditions That Cause Welfare
Page 21 and 22: chamber to prevent return to consci
Page 23 and 24: duced by preslaughter use of electr
Page 25 and 26: al activities are depressed soon af
Page 27 and 28: Figure 5—The low atmospheric pres
Page 29 and 30: estraint, such as a tray to prevent
Page 31: full metal jacketed bullets. Solid-
Page 35 and 36: time to unconsciousness. Animals st
Page 37 and 38: eturning to consciousness after hea
Page 39 and 40: 7. When head-only stunning is used,
Page 41 and 42: of birds. BRD Information and Techn
Page 43 and 44: 132. Sparrey JM, Ketylewell PJ, Pai
Page 45 and 46: Unique Species Issues U1 Additional
Page 47 and 48: may require as much as 12 to 24 hou
Page 49 and 50: of the journey, other studies 47 ha
Page 51 and 52: The following methods, or a combina
Page 53 and 54: must be positioned between the wing
Page 55 and 56: a. Gregory N. Anatomical and physio
Page 57 and 58: 67. Bates G. Humane issues surround
Page 59 and 60: Design of Facilities and Slaughter
Page 61 and 62: authorities who supervise either ko
Page 63 and 64: signed to make animals fall, leg-cl

Humane-Slaughter-Guidelines

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