22.01.2017 Views

Humane-Slaughter-Guidelines

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

of birds. BRD Information and Technology Report 1999–001.<br />

Washington, DC: US Geological Survey, Biological Resources<br />

Division, 1999;49–51.<br />

29. Blackshaw JK, Fenwick DC, Beattie AW, et al. The behavior of<br />

chickens, mice and rats during euthanasia with chloroform, carbon<br />

dioxide and ether. Lab Anim 1988;22:67–75.<br />

30. Gerritzen MA, Lambooij E, Reimert HG, et al. Susceptibility<br />

of duck and turkey to severe hypercapnic hypoxia. Poult Sci<br />

2006;85:1055–1061.<br />

31. Raj ABM, Wotton SB, Gregory NG. Changes in the somatosensory<br />

evoked potentials and spontaneous electoencephalogram<br />

of hens during stunning with a carbon dioxide and argon mixture.<br />

Br Vet J 1992;148:147–156.<br />

32. Raj M, Gregory NG. An evaluation of humane gas stunning<br />

methods for turkeys. Vet Rec 1994;135:222–223.<br />

33. Poole GH, Flecther DL. A comparison of argon, carbon dioxide,<br />

and nitrogen in a broiler killing system. Poult Sci 1995;74:1218–<br />

1223.<br />

34. Grandin T. Improving livestock, poultry, and fish welfare in<br />

slaughter plants with auditing programmes. In: Grandin T, ed.<br />

Improving animal welfare: a practical approach. Wallingford, Oxfordshire,<br />

England: CABI Publishing, 2010;167–168.<br />

35. McKeegan DEF, Abeyesinghe SM, Mcleman MA, et al. Controlled<br />

atmosphere stunning of broiler chickens. II. Effects on<br />

behaviour, physiology and meat quality in a commercial processing<br />

plant. Br Poult Sci 2007;48:430–442.<br />

36. McKeegan DEF, McIntyre J, Demmers TGM, et al. Physiological<br />

and behavioural responses of broilers to controlled atmosphere<br />

stunning: implications for welfare. Anim Welf 2007;16:409–426.<br />

37. Cavanna AE, Shah S, Eddy CM, et al. Consciousness: a neurological<br />

perspective. Behav Neurol 2011;24:107–116.<br />

38. Battaglia M, Ogliari A, Harris J, et al. A genetic study of the<br />

acute anxious response to carbon dioxide stimulation in man. J<br />

Psychiatr Res 2007;41:906–917.<br />

39. Nardi AE, Freire RC, Zin WA. Panic disorder and control of<br />

breathing. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2009;167:133–143.<br />

40. Grandin T. Euthanasia and slaughter of livestock. J Am Vet Med<br />

Assoc 1994;204:1354–1360.<br />

41. Jongman EC, Barnett JL, Hemsworth PH. The aversiveness<br />

of carbon dioxide stunning in pigs and a comparison of the<br />

CO2 stunner crate vs. the V-restrainer. Appl Anim Behav Sci<br />

2000;67:67–76.<br />

42. Meyer RE, Morrow WEM. Carbon dioxide for emergency onfarm<br />

euthanasia of swine. J Swine Health Prod 2005;13:210–217.<br />

43. Meyer RE. Principles of carbon dioxide displacement. Lab Anim<br />

(NY) 2008;37:241–242.<br />

44. Purswell JL, Thaxton JP, Branton SL. Identifying process variables<br />

for a low atmospheric pressure stunning-killing system. J<br />

Appl Poult Res 2007;16:509–513.<br />

45. Vizzier-Thaxton Y, Christensen KD, Schilling MW, et al. A new<br />

humane method of stunning broilers using low atmospheric<br />

pressure. J Appl Poult Res 2010;19:341–348.<br />

46. McKeegan DEF, Sandercock DA, Gerritzen MA. Physiological<br />

responses to low atmospheric pressure stunning and the implications<br />

for welfare. Poult Sci 2013;92:858–868.<br />

47. European Council. European Council Directive 93/119/EC of 22<br />

December 1993 on the protection of animals at the time of slaughter<br />

or killing. Annex G: killing of surplus chicks and embryos in hatchery<br />

waste. Brussels: European Council, 1993.<br />

48. European Council. European Council Directive 1099/2009 of 24<br />

September 2009 on the protection of animals at the time of killing.<br />

European Council, 2009.<br />

49. Skybrary website. Hypoxia (OGHFA BN). Available at: www.<br />

skybrary.aero/index.php/Hypoxia_%28OGHFA_BN%29. Accessed<br />

Apr 24, 2012.<br />

50. Booth NH. Effect of rapid decompression and associated hypoxic<br />

phenomena in euthanasia of animals: a review. J Am Vet Med<br />

Assoc 1978;173:308–314.<br />

51. Fedde MR. Relationship of structure and function of the<br />

avian respiratory system to disease susceptibility. Poult Sci<br />

1998;77:1130–1138.<br />

52. Van Liere EJ. Anoxia: its effect on the body. Chicago: University of<br />

Chicago Press, 1943.<br />

53. Blackmore DK. Energy requirements for the penetration of<br />

heads of domestic stock due to development of a multiple projectile.<br />

Vet Rec 1985;116:36–40.<br />

54. Daly CC, Whittington PE. Investigation of the principle determinants<br />

of effective captive bolt stunning of sheep. Res Vet Sci<br />

1989;46:406–408.<br />

55. Gregory NG. Animal welfare and meat production. Wallingford,<br />

Oxfordshire, England: CABI Publishing, 2007.<br />

56. Daly CC, Gregory NG, Wotton SB, et al. Concussive methods of<br />

slaughter in sheep: assessment of brain function using cortical<br />

evoked responss. Res Vet Sci 1986;41:349–352.<br />

57. Daly CC, Kallweit E, Ellendorf F. Cortical function in cattle during<br />

conventional captive bolt stunning followed by exsanguination<br />

compared to shechita slaughter. Vet Rec 1988;122:325–329.<br />

58. Finnie JW. Neuropathologic changes produced by non-penetrating<br />

captive bolt percussive captive bolt stunning of cattle. N<br />

Z Vet J 1995;43:183–185.<br />

59. Lambooy E. Electrical stunning of sheep. Meat Sci 1982;6:123–<br />

135.<br />

60. Clifford DH. Preanesthesia, anesthesia, analgesia, and euthanasia.<br />

In: Fox JG, Cohen BJ, Loew FM, eds. Laboratory animal<br />

medicine. New York: Academic Press Inc, 1984;528–563.<br />

61. Australian Veterinary Association. <strong>Guidelines</strong> for humane slaughter<br />

and euthanasia. Member’s directory and policy compendium.<br />

Lisarow, NSW, Australia: Veritage Press, 1997.<br />

62. Woods J, Shearer JK, Hill J. Recommended on-farm euthanasia<br />

methods. In: Grandin T, ed. Improving animal welfare: a practical<br />

approach. Wallingford, Oxfordshire, England: CABI Publishing,<br />

2010;186–193.<br />

63. Lambooy E, Spanjaard W. Effect of the shooting position on the<br />

stunning of calves by captive bolt. Vet Rec 1981;109:359–361.<br />

64. Gregory NG, Spence JY, Mason CW, et al. Effectiveness of<br />

poll stunning water buffalo with captive bolt guns. Meat Sci<br />

2009;81:178–182.<br />

65. Gregory NG, Lee CJ, Widdicombe JP. Depth of concussion in<br />

cattle shot by penetrating captive bolt. Meat Sci 2007;77:499–<br />

503.<br />

66. Blackmore DK, Newhook JC. The assessment of insensibility<br />

in sheep, calves, and pigs during slaughter. In: Eikelenboom G,<br />

ed. Stunning of animals for slaughter. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff<br />

Publishers, 1983;13–25.<br />

67. Grandin T. Objective scoring of animal handling and stunning<br />

practices at slaughter plants. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212:36–<br />

39.<br />

68. Grandin T. Return-to-sensibility problems after penetrating<br />

captive bolt stunning of cattle in commercial beef slaughter<br />

plants. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;221:1258–1261.<br />

69. Finnie JW, Manavis J, Blumbergs PC, et al. Brain damage<br />

in sheep from penetrating captive bolt stunning. Aust Vet J<br />

2002;80:67–69.<br />

70. Grandin T. Animal welfare and food safety at the slaughter<br />

plant. In: Sofos JM, ed. Improving the safety of fresh meat. Cambridge,<br />

England: Woodhead Publishing, 2005;244–258.<br />

71. Grandin T. Maintenance of good animal welfare standards in<br />

beef slaughter plants by use of auditing programs. J Am Vet Med<br />

Assoc 2005;226:370–373.<br />

72. Fries R, Schrobe K, Lotz F, et al. Application of captive bolt<br />

stunning—a survey of stunner placement under practical conditions.<br />

Animal 2012;6:1124–1128.<br />

73. Ewbank R, Parker MJ, Mason CW. Reactions of cattle to head<br />

restraint at stunning: a practical dilemma. Anim Welf 1992;1:55–<br />

63.<br />

74. Grandin T. Transferring results from behavioral research to<br />

industry to improve animal welfare on the farm, ranch, and<br />

slaughter plants. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2003;81:215–228.<br />

75. Daly CC, Gregory NG, Wotton SB. Captive bolt stunning of<br />

cattle effects on brain function and role of bolt velocity. Br Vet J<br />

1987;143:574–580.<br />

76. OIE. Chapter 7.6: killing of animals for disease control purposes.<br />

In: Terrestrial animal health code. 20th ed. Paris: OIE, 2014.<br />

Available at: www.oie.int/index.php?id=169&L=0&htmfile=cha<br />

pitre_1.7.6.htm. Accessed Jul 19, 2014.<br />

77. Finnie JW. Neuroradiological aspects of experimental traumatic<br />

missile injury in sheep. N Z Vet J 1994;42:54–57.<br />

78. Longair JA, Finley GG, Laniel MA, et al. Guideline for the<br />

AVMA <strong>Guidelines</strong> for the <strong>Humane</strong> <strong>Slaughter</strong> of Animals: 2016 Edition 41

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!