THEPRA-LAB: PCB Lab System

Electrics and Electronics 

THEPRA-LAB: PCB Lab System 

The new subject-comprehensive lab system consists of four individual PCBs and covers all subjects from the basic principles to actor 

technology. The system comprises all required components; it is compact, can be used at once, and permits free wiring. The focus of 

the pedagogically valuable course documents is on car diagnosis. 

Largest Possible Car Relation 

��Plus supply for each circuit set-up 

secured (5 A). Plus supply can be 

switched on and off according to 

ignition switch in the car. 

��Plus- and minus-side "corrosion 

resistance" can be switched on to 

simulate noticeable voltage drops 

(corroded contacts). 

��Indirect power measurement (voltage 

drop as current measurement method) 

is practised. Avoids danger of 

destruction of measuring device. 

��Tasks with reference to real order 

processing (OBD-reference and 

diagnosis levels). 

��Voltage distribution in the circuits as 

diagnosis criterion, as practised in onboard 

and off-board diagnosis. 

��Multimeter and oscilloscope as 

measuring devices 

��Suitable for car, industrial, agricultural 

and construction machinery training 

Lesson Design Individual / Variable 

��Clear setting of tasks with prepared 

measuring protocols 

��Task processing and assessment 

frontal, in groups or separately 

(component diversity) 

��Repetition and improvement of 

specialist competence 

��Detailed and comprehensive calculations 

and assessments 

��Transfer of general connections into 

concrete diagnosis situations 

��Pre-determined error logs for assessment 

and diagnosis 

��Detailed sample solutions and special 

notes in the teacher leaflet 

Thermal Protection 

��High-performance components and 

direct current switches. 

��Transistors and thyristors additionally 

secured against excessive voltages and 

overcurrent at wrong connection. 

PCB 1 

Car electrical systems - basic principles 

and circuit diagnosis 

Order No. 12 020 010 


Car electronics - diagnosis basics 

Order No. 12 020 011 


Car sensor technology - diagnosis basics 

Order No. 12 020 012 


Car actor technology - diagnosis basics 

Order No. 12 020 013 

Circuit Construction Diversity 

��Circuit construction by highly flexible 

lab lines and/or alligator connection 

lines. 

��Fixed wiring possible because every 

component access is equipped with a 

crew terminal in addition to two lab 

sockets. Suitable connection lines are 

solid wire and/or flexible lines with wireend 

sleeves. 

Dimensions: 

width 300 mm 

depth 265 mm 

height approx. 80 mm 

weight: approx. 1 kg 

Modifications reserved! E 17 

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

TECHNOLAB SA, Rotherdweg 16, CH-5022 Rombach/Switzerland - Tel +41 62 827 11 11 - info@technolab.org - www.technolab.org 

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THEPRA-LAB: PCB lab system 

Car electrical systems - basic principles and circuit diagnosis 

Diagnosis of electrical systems is essential 

at the car service workshop. The basis of 

diagnosis is the competence of recognising 

the electrical basic principles applied 

in the diverse, networked vehicle systems, 

how they interact in a partial system and 

how to verify this in measurements. 

In the end these initially seemingly chaotic 

partial and overall systems can be reduced 

to complete circuits where the basic 

principles apply. 

It can be assumed that the trainees targeted 

here are not dealing with electrical 

engineering for the first time. Still, the first 

tasks may commence with basic circuits 

already known to confirm what was taught 

before. 

When using vehicle lamps in the basic 

circuits and collecting experience with non 

-linear behaviour, the learners make their 

first step into the professional world . 

Educational targets 

��Even in task 1, they will improve their 

measuring and calculation knowledge of 

the principles of electrical circuits with 

genuine vehicle lamps. 

��They will learn about the laws of the 

different circuit types and apply them in 

vehicle lamp circuits. 

��In the third section, they will recognise 

how the overall voltage is divided in an 

intact and a defective circuit. 

��They learn about indications for error 

points in the measuring log of a defective 

current branch. 

E 18 

��In a vehicle-related relay control, they 

learn about the interaction of the components. 

��In an intact and a defective relay control, 

they can see how voltage measurement 

alone is sufficient to diagnose this 

vehicle-typical circuit 



Car electrical systems - basic principles 

and circuit diagnosis . 

Order No. 12 020 010 

For best equipment, we also recommend: 

12 050 011 DC lab mains adaptor 

12 020 020 Wire harness 2 mm plug 

12 020 021 Wire harness with insulated 

alligator clips 

16 062 012 Universal multimeter 

16 162 020 Oscilloscope 25 MHz 

16 162 015 Oscilloscope 20 MHz with 

True RMS Multimeter 

The unique course 

comprises comprehensivedocumentation 

and extensive 

worksheets for teachers 

and students. The 

solutions book contains additional further 

explanations and solution charts. 

Modifications reserved! 

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THEPRA-LAB: PCB Lab system 

Car electrical systems - basic principles and circuit diagnosis 

1. Positive connection (terminal 30) 

2. Resistor, 100 Ω, 3 W 



5. Control switch, I - O 

6. Time-lag fuse, 5 A 

7. Rectifier diode 

8. E 10 holder, e.g. 12 V / 1.2 W 

9. E 10 holder, e.g. 12 V / 2.4 W 

10. E 10 holder, e.g. 12 V / 6 W 

11. Negative connection (terminal 31) 

12. Space for battery ground strap 

13. Terminals for relay, component 14 

14. 12-V relay with change-over contact 

15. Negative power rail, corresponds to 

car body 

16. Negative socket for the connection of 

further lab panels 

17. Automotive bulb, e.g. 12 V / 21 W 

(indicator bulb, brake light) 

18. Automotive bulb, e.g. 12 V / 10 W 

(licence-plate lamp) 

19. Automotive bulb, e.g. 12 V / 5 W (side 

light) 

20. Prezion shunt, 1 Ω, max. 1 A 

21. Prezions shunt, 0,1 Ω 

22. Positive socket for the connection of 


23. Highly-resilient switch 

24. Positive power rail, corresponds to 

continuous connection to the positive 

terminal (terminal 30) 

25. Highly-resilient switch (e.g. ignition 

switch) 

26. Time-lag fuse, 5 A, e.g. main fuse 


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In vehicle systems, very different electronics 

components are integrated in circuits. 

A prerequisite for secure diagnosis is 

knowledge of the component features and 

competence to verify function by measurements. 

Information, measuring circuits and assessments 

focus on vehicle-related situations 

out of the great variety of application 

options. 



Order No. 12 020 011 


��In vehicle-related circuits, you will learn 

about the characteristics of rectifier 

diodes and Z-diodes and their measuring 

technology presentation and log the 

results. 

��They will independently examine the 

characteristics and their measuringtechnical 

presentation of optoelectronics 

components relating to vehicles 

and log the requests. 

��After processing the section on transistors, 

you will know the different characteristics 

of bipolar and unipolar transistors. 




12 020 021 Wire harness with insulated 

alligator clips 




True RMS multimeter 

E 20 

��After working through the section on 

transistors, you will be able to explain 

different options for application of 

"transistors as switches" and "transistors 

as amplifiers" in general and relating to 

measuring technology. 

��After working through the section on 

transistors, you will be able to prove 

heat development in half- and wholly 

interconnected transistors mathematically 

using the measured values. They 

will understand why defective driving 

stages in electronic vehicle systems will 

not only destroy themselves but also 

connected components. 


��They will learn about the characteristics 

of a thyristor and be able to prove its 

behaviour by measuring technology. 

��When working through the final chapter 

on capacitators, you will learn about the 

capacitator characteristics and measuring-technical 

presentation and how to 

explain them. 


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2. Resistor, 1 kΩ / 0.5 W 

3. Resistor, 100 kΩ / 0.5 W 

4. Rectifier diode 

5. Z diode 

6. Rotary knob for potentiometer 

7. Potentiometer (R5) 

8. Light emitting diode (LED) 

9. Photoresistor (LDR) 

10. E 10 holder, z. B. 12 V / 1.2 W 



13. Photocell/photo diode 

14. Protective base resistor (NPN) 

15. Protective resistor for basic measuring 

instruments X1 

16. Overbuilt cooling element of the NPN 

transistor 

17. Electronic collector protection 

18. Gate protection resistor (MOSFET) 

19. Protective resistor for gate measuring 


20. Overbuilt cooling element of the MOS- 

FET 

21. Electronic drain protection 

22. Negative power rail (car body) 



24. Protective resistor for gate measuring 


25. Thyristor 

26. Gate protection resistor (thyristor) 

27. Key as make-contact 

28. Capacitor, 25 V / 10,000 μF 

29. Change-over switch I-O-I (1-0-2) 

30. Prezision shunt, 1 Ω / max. 1 A 



32. Prezision shunt, 0,1 Ω 

33. Positive power rail, corresponds to 

continuous connection to the positive 

terminal (terminal 30) 

34. Highly-resilient switch 

35. Time-lag fuse, 5 A (main fuse) 


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This subject summary takes into consideration 

the fact that all electronic vehicles 

systems record the actual value of a partial 

system under consideration with sensors. 

Sensors convert non-electrical physical 

values like positions of actuators, temperatures, 

pressure, brightness, etc. to electrical 

voltage that is decrypted by a control 

device. 

A control unit digitises the course over 

time, height and frequency of the sensor 

voltages to further process these actual 

values in the micro controller. 

In state-of-the-art vehicle systems, onboard-diagnosis 

is a standard. Workshop 

practice shows, however, that any input 

interferences recognised by the control 

unit are only formulated in very vague 

detail in the error storage. The reason for 

this is the fact that a control unit cannot 

actually recognise whether the sensor, its 

connection lines to the control unit or digitalisation 

in the control unit are defective. 

This is where the service workshop comes 

in, where the sensor-side is diagnosed by 

measuring technology. 

The present lab system provides real measured 

values for the intact and defective 

system by the diversity of practice-related 

sensors. Type, structure and alignment of 

the components facilitate transfer compe- 


��They get to know the sensor-typical 

voltage values of the intact and defective 

sensor current branches in vehiclerelated 

circuit examples. 

��They use multimeters and oscilloscopes 

for actual value recording. They interpret 

the oscilloscope charts. 

��In examples and additional figure 

examples, they will recognise the mathematical 

interrelations between the 

non-electrical actual value of the physical 

measured value and the voltage 

value the control unit receives from the 

sensor. 

E 22 

tence from pure theory to the locally installed 

vehicle components. The student documents 

contain not only instructions but 

also physical basic information on the 

sensor and measuring current branch. 

��They learn how to use charts that present 

a target value logarithmically. 

��They practice how to proceed measuring-technically 

to find out whether the 

sensor or the line is defective. The task 

and exercises refer to the few measuring 

points that are accessible in a state 

-of-the-art vehicle filled with electrical 

components. 

��They improve their skills at recognising 

incorrect values and error causes in self 

-generated and provided actual value 

logs. 




Order No. 12 020 012 




12 020 021 Wire harness wit insulatedalligator 

clips 




True RMS multimeter 

Plastic storage case, light grey with foam inserts - order 

no . 12 020 022 


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2. Control switch, E-A 

3. Resistor, 1 kΩ 



6. Pressure sensor / force sensor 

7. Piezo sensor as knock sensor 

8. Photoresistor 

9. E 10 holder, z. B. 12 V / 6 W 

10. Photo diode/Fotoelement 



13. NTC resistor 

14. PTC resistor 

15. Hot film sensor 

16. Inductive sensor 

17. Protective wiring and signal 

processing 

18. Negative power rail, corresponds to 

car body 



20. Drive electronics for 22 

21. Hall sensor 

22. Sensor wheel for 16 and 21 

23. Twin / tandem potentiometer 

24. Resistor, 470 Ω 



26. Precision shunt, 1 Ω 

27. Direct voltage source, 5 V, stabilised 

(control unit) 

28. Positive power rail 

29. Highly-resilient direct-current switch, 

e.g. ignition switch 

30. Fuse, 1 A 


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Car actuator technology - diagnosis basics 

On the output side of an electronic control 

or regulation system, the assessment results 

of the microprocessor can be measured 

as actuator control voltages. 

In state-of-the-art vehicle systems, onboard-diagnosis 

is a standard. Workshop 

practice, however, shows that output interferences 

recognised by the control unit 

are only formulated in very vague detail in 

the error storage. The reason for this is the 

fact that a control unit cannot actually 

recognise whether the driving stage in the 

control unit, the connection lines to the 

actuator or the actuator as such are defective. 

The present lab system with its diverse 

practice-related actuators of intact and 

defective systems provides real measured 

values. Type, structure and alignment of 

the components facilitate transfer competence 

from pure theory to the locally installed 

vehicle components. The student documents 

contain not only instructions but 

also physical basic information on the 

actuator and control current branch. 

Special importance is placed on handling 

the oscilloscope and assessment of the 

diagnosis images . 


��In vehicle-related circuit examples, they 

will learn about performance and indicativeness 

of actuator diagnosis. 

��In vehicle-related switching examples, 

they will develop the actuator-typical 

voltage values of the intact and defective 

control current branches. 

��They use multimeters and oscilloscopes 

for actual value recording. They interpret 

the oscilloscope charts. 

��They will learn how to "read" oscilloscope 

charts by documenting the indication 

of the oscilloscope and the set time and 

voltage parameters in prepared or free 

axes of coordinates and interpreting 

them. 

E 24 

��They will practice how to proceed in 

measurement if they want to verify 

whether the control unit end stage, actuator 

lines or the actuator itself are defective. 

The task and exercises refer to the 

few measuring points that are accessible 

in a state-of-the-art vehicle filled 

with electrical components. 

��They improve their skills at recognising 

incorrect values and error causes in self 

-generated and provided actual value 

logs . 



Car actuator technology - diagnosis 

basics 

Order No. 12 020 013 




12 020 021 Wire harness wit insulatedalligator 

clips 




True RMS Multimeter 

Fig.: 12 020 021 Wire harness 

with insulated alligator clips 


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Car actuator technology - diagnosis basics 


2. Precision shunt, 0,1 Ω 

3. Precision shunt, 1 Ω 

4. Resistor, 33 Ω 

5. Slide switch, E-A 

6. Light emitting diode with protective 

resistor 

7. Diode 

8. E 10 holder, z. B. 12 V / 6 W 

9. Gate protection resistor 

10. Gate protection resistor X1 


12. Protective wiring 

13. Overbuilt cooling element (MOSFET) 


15. Protective base resistor (NPN) 

16. Protective resistor for basic measuing 


17. Overbuilt cooling element (NPN) 

18. Electronic collector protection 

19. Protective wiring für 20 

20. Proportionalversteller/-ventil 

21. Protective wiring für 22 

22. Collector motor 

23. Negative power rail (car body) 



25. Injector 

26. Relay as actuator 



28. PWM generator (control unit) 

29. Direct voltage source, 5 V, stabilised 

(control unit) 

30. Positive power rail 

31. Highly-resilient direct-current switch, 

e.g. ignition switch 

32. Fuse, 1 A 


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THEPRA-LAB: PCB Lab System

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