Qrtr 4 final

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Describe the properties of the carbon atom that make the diversity of carbon
compounds possible.
Identify selected functional groups and relate how they contribute to
properties of carbon compounds.
A homologous series is a family of hydrocarbons with similar properties
which share a general formula.
1st Series: Alkanes. They all end in the suffix -ane. They have many uses such
as cooking, heating, and used as gas/petrol for cars. The general formual is
CnH2n+2 Naming alkanes: - The longest unbranched chain is the parent
molecule - Indicate the position of the functional group with a number -
Name the branches and indicate the number of branches.
Alkenes: These all end in the suffix -ene. Their general formula is CnH2n
They are espeically reactive because of their carbon double bond. Alkenes can
be used as fuels, solvents and starting materials for everyday products such as
plastics and vinegar. Naming is the same as alkanes, but you must identify the
position of the carbon bond. Cycloalkanes: The third series, their names all start
with cyclo- and end with -ane.
Their general formula is CnH2n . Although they have the same formula
as alkenes, Cycloalkanes are saturated and only form single bonds. They
are used in motor fuel, natural gas, kerosene, diesel and heavy oils.
Combustion Reactions: All hydrocarbons can undergo combustion
reactions with oxygen to give the same two products (Carbon Dioxide
and Water). Hydrocarbon fuels when they come in contact with oxygen.
The equation is:
hydrocarbon+oxygen ---> Carbon Dioxide+water
All hydrocarbons here can undergo reactions with oxygen, but only
alkenes can undergo additional reactions.
Alkenes quickly turn bromine water colourless, while alkanes and
cycloalkanes do not.
The addition of water to an alkene is call hydration.
Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different
structural formula.
They have the same number of each atom but have different physical and
chemical properties.
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