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A Brief History Of Vaccinations Prior to 15th Century- There is archealogical evidence that the people of this time were able to see the connection between exposure to diseases and immunity to those diseases. For example, the Chinese are thought to have mashed up the scabs from people with the smallpox disease and rubbing that onto the skin of others in order to forestall 44 the contraction of smallpox (Abraham para 3). 17th Century- Christopher Columbus and the rest of the people that came to America with him also brought smallpox, the whooping cough, measles, the bubonic plague, and typhus, which effectively wiped out 80 to 95% of the native population, as they had not had any interaction with these diseases before hand, so they had no immunity to it. (Abraham para 5). 1930: Thimerosal is now usedd as a preservative within vaccines to help prevent the contamination of life threatening contamination with harmful microbes. It contributes to the safety of multi-dose vials (Gottlieb para 2). 1967: Psychologist Bruno Bettelheim is ascribed 45 with popularizing the theory that “refrigerator mothers,” as he termed them, caused autism by not loving their children enough. “Post-World War II, there was a lot of psychoanalytic work done on autism where researchers looked solely at the impact of life experiences,” explains Parents advisor Fred Volkmar, M.D., director of the Child Study Center at Yale University School of Medicine and editor-in-chief of the Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders. “They didn’t consider the role of biology or genetics, which we now understand to be the main cause.” Autism is also classified under schizophrenia in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, although scientists now know there is no link between the conditions. 1908: The word autism is now used to describe a subset of schizophrenic patients- someone who is suffering from a breakdown between thoughts, emotions, and behaviorwho are especially withdrawn from society and self-absorbed. 16th century- People of this time had to deal with things such as the whooping cough, smallpox and measles which would quickly spread through the crowded conditions that took place living in the cities. It is estimated that almost 30% of the children at this time died before turning 15 from things such as the whooping cough, smallpox, pneumonia, dysentry, or the scarlet fever (Abraham para 4). Fig 27:John Kelly, NOLA.com | The Times-Picayune. “1959: Early Vaccinations Get Shot in the Arm.” NOLA.com. N.p., 10 July 2011. Web. 30 May 2017. 1991: The federal government makes autism a special education category. Public schools are now beginning to identify children on the spectrum and offering them special services. 28 TIME May 31, 2017
Fifteenth Century-Today Fig 28:“How the Vaccine Schedule in the U.S. Has Evolved Since the 1950s (Part I).” March Against Monsanto. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 May 2017. 2010: The Lancet completely retracts Andrew Wakefield’s study, admitting several elements of the paper were incorrect. His study had lead to a large decrease in vaccination rates around the world, and also increased studies pertaining to autism. This retraction and the court cases that followed him caused him to fall into disrepute 48 . 1998: A study published in The Lancet by Andrew Wakefield suggests that the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine causes autism. The findings within the study were quickly debunked by adept 46 scientists 2012: A study finds that aluminum is causing the MMR vaccine to be harmful (Batts para 5). 2000: ‘Vaccine manufacturers remove thimerosal (a mercury-based preservative) from all routinely given childhood vaccines due to public fears” (Rasmussen para 5) about its role in autism--even though, again, the vaccine-autism link has been debunked. 2011: “A systematic review of immunizations within the US reveals that there was stong evidence pointing to no association between the MMR vaccination and the occurance of autism” (Maglione para 3). 2004: Known as the “watershed year in the MMR-autism debate” by vaccine sceptics becauseformer Florida Representative David Weldon chastised the CDC and IOM for using false data” (Wachtler para 5). Fig 29:“Parents.” Learning Disabilities Association of America. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 May 2017. 2013: The DSM-5 puts all the once abstruse 47 subcategories of the condition into one umbrella diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Asperger’s Syndrome is no longer considered a separate condition. ASD is defined by two categories: 1) Restricted and/or repetitive behaviors. 2) Impaired social communication and/or interaction. May 31, 2017 TIME 29
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Page 19: Fig 23: Plait, Phil. “Antivaxxers
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Page 26 and 27: Thimerosal: A Safe Preservative Ava
Page 30 and 31: Vaccinated Vs. Unvaccinated: A Larg
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Page 35 and 36: Fig 33:“Vaccines Are Like Hugs.
Page 37 and 38: Batts, Vicki. “Vaccines Can Cause
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