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acceptance of the MMR vaccines. This article says that they were “especially concerned that the reported cases may have been due simply to temporal coincidence, and by the lack of supportive laboratory evidence.” Similarly, Rao mentioned about the Wakefield article that “they reported their sampling was consecutive when, in fact, it was selective” and “The British Medical Journal has published a series of articles on the exposure of the fraud, which appears to have taken place for <strong>fin</strong>ancial gain.” The temporary coincidence factor and lack of supportive evidence is implied in Rao’s article when he mentions the “small sample size (n=12), the uncontrolled design, and the speculative nature of the conclusions.” This source will fit into my paper under refutation, as I will use it to counter the claims that are made in Andrew Wakefield’s case series, and discredit the argument that he makes. It shaped my argument by debunking a large reason why many families did not vaccinate their children with the MMR vaccine, and shutting down the points that are still used as evidence by some to support their claim that MMR vaccines cause autism. This source lead me to <strong>fin</strong>ding my Negative association between MMR and Autism, which is also what I compared to above. Rasmussen, Sonja A. “Vaccines Do Not Cause Autism.” Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed 14 Mar. 2017. In this source by the CDC titled Vaccines Do Not Cause Autism, I found out that about 1 in 68 children have autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the United Kingdom. They say that ASD is a “developmental disability that is caused by differences in how the brain functions” and that “people with ASD may communicate, interact, behave, and learn in different ways.” The 2011 Institute of Medicine report on “eight vaccines given to children and adults found that with rare exceptions, these vaccines are very safe.” Although they do not say any particular reasons for the rare exceptions, I can speculate that those exceptions were when injury came from an allergic reaction with the vaccine. The 2013 CDC study was able to prove their claim by looking at the number of antigens, which are substances within a vaccine that will cause your body’s immune system to produce disease-fighting antibodies, during the first 2 years of life, and they found that the number was the same in children with ASD and without it. Between the years of 1999-2001, there was a national effort to reduce all types of mercury exposure in children, so thimerosal was either completely removed or reduced in amounts in all vaccines except for some for the flu. In comparison with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) from CDC which is a source that provides 46 TIME May 31, 2017
facts about autism, screening and diagnosis, treatment, data and statistics, and research. I found the same in the other source that the ratio is indeed about 1:68 children with ASD, but I additionally learned that it is about 4.5 times more common in boys than it is among girls. It says that a diagnosis of autism at age 2 can be valid, reliable, and stable, which is why most of my sources focus on this age and a few years after for testing. Additional facts that I learned that were not mentioned in my other source is that the average medical cost per year for someone with ASD is between $4,110-$6,200. Also, it introduced me to the Inter-Agency Autism Coordinating Committee, and the National Vaccine Advisory Committee. The source contains reliable information, and is objective, with the goal of educating the reader about autism and vaccines. This source is useful because it puts a number on the ratio of children with autism, and it is from a reliable source. It will be used to explain a little bit about what autism is and how it affects a person, as well as the portion that they included about antigens. It has changed the way I think about my source in the terms of antigens, and what they do in a vaccine. Ross, Casey. “Andrew Wakefield Appearance at Trump Inaugural Ball Triggers Social Media Backlash.” STAT, 21 Jan. 2017. In the news article from STAT, they look at Andrew Wakefield’s appearance at Donald Trump’s inaugural ball and what that could mean. A reason for concern among many is the video that Andrew released at the ball where he called for an overhaul of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, wanting to shake it up and make dramatic changes within. He had a meeting with Trump in the summer where he “found him to be sympathetic to his cause.” Another person that he has met with recently that is a vaccine skeptic is Robert F. Kennedy Jr. He said that he would be “chairing a new federal panel on vaccine safety. Both of these events have caused public stir and raised questions as to whether the Trump administration will start another anti vaccine movement. It also gives us a look into what Andrew Wakefield has been up to more recently, such as directing the movie “Vaxxed” which “strikes a paranoid tone about the medical industrial complex and alleges and an array of conspiracies to promote vaccines,” or his book where he frames himself as the good guy and truth teller. In comparison with my source titled MERCURY & VACCINES from Robert F. Kennedy Jr’s site, I found out that he is pro vaccinations, and believes that they save millions of lives. I also learned that he wrote the book Thimerosal: Let The Science Speak which “exposes the danger- May 31, 2017 TIME 47
Page 2 and 3: Table of Contents Letter From The E
Page 4 and 5: Autism Speaks: A Look Inside Writte
Page 6 and 7: DO YOU KNOW THE CONSEQUENCES OF NOT
Page 8 and 9: Andrew Wakefield: Fraud Written By:
Page 10 and 11: The Spread of Preventable Disea 10
Page 13 and 14: Fig 15:Handley, Jr. J.B. “’Vacc
Page 15 and 16: administering dead versions of the
Page 17 and 18: ia daily, and the results are just
Page 19: Fig 23: Plait, Phil. “Antivaxxers
Page 22 and 23: Written By: Jonathan Woods •Q: It
Page 24 and 25: Autism: The Debate Continues Writte
Page 26 and 27: Thimerosal: A Safe Preservative Ava
Page 28 and 29: A Brief History Of Vaccinations Pri
Page 30 and 31: Vaccinated Vs. Unvaccinated: A Larg
Page 32 and 33: Q: What are some other materials th
Page 35 and 36: Fig 33:“Vaccines Are Like Hugs.
Page 37 and 38: Batts, Vicki. “Vaccines Can Cause
Page 39 and 40: news article by Terence Kealey from
Page 41 and 42: cannot be expected to lead to a red
Page 43 and 44: on vaccine safety.” The studies t
Page 45: ples to try and counter the CDC’s
Page 49 and 50: not. In comparison with A Populatio
Page 51 and 52: tive psychosis in one child, and po
Page 53 and 54: May 31, 2017 TIME
Page 55 and 56: May 31, 2017 TIME

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