APSMER2017 PROCEEDINGS

Proceedings of the 11th Asia-Pacific Symposium for Music Education Research
(APSMER 2017) 19th to 21st July 2017, Melaka MALAYSIA
They can control their sound volumes by strength of key touches and a foot
pedal. The volume levels of volumes and timings of a key on and off were
recorded as MIDI information. The teachers listened to the sound from
external speakers on each keyboard. Starting volume of the three keyboards
were equalized.
The sessions of instruction by each teachers went along the following
process.
1. The players performed the whole piece with deadpan style. MIDI
information was recorded as a baseline.
2. Each teachers gave their suggestion to make their performance more
expressive. Protocol data of teachers and players during the sessions
were videotaped.
3. The players performed the whole piece and MIDI information were
recorded several times during the session. Each teacher decided the
timing and the number of recordings.
4. The sessions ended when each teacher determined that it was
completed successfully. The final performance of the whole piece and
MIDI information were recorded as finished data.
5I made an interview with each teacher after each session in another
room to talk about the impacts to the performance and assessment of the
players whilst reproducing VTRs of the rehearsal.
6. The players also had a group interview about their impression of the
teachers’ teaching style and the players’ thinking in the rehearsals.
The MIDI information included time codes of the on/off key, intensity
of key touch and the manipulation of the volume pedal were used to calculate
the volume and relative duration of each note and change of tempo at every
beat. All of the protocol data scripted from the VTRs and the recordings of
the interviews were segmented by their contents and categorized from
bottom up by using the grounded theory approach procedure.
Results
Musical expression under the three teachers’ instruction
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