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Carolina Footsteps Premier February 2018

The Premier Edition of the Carolina Footsteps Magazine February 2018

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Potters Raid<br />

Edward Potter born 1823 in New York City was popularly<br />

known for his mission into North <strong>Carolina</strong>’s<br />

interior in July 1863. This expedition became known as<br />

the Potter’s Raid. This raid was conducted by a force of<br />

800 Union soldiers comprising of both black and white<br />

North Carolinians including — medics, guides, reporters,<br />

cooks, and pack animals carrying ammunition and supplies.<br />

Potter’s signifi cant engagements include Rocky<br />

Mount, Greenville and Tarboro, as well as several other<br />

clashes throughout the eastern part of the state. Potter’s<br />

troops traveled an estimated 250 miles throughout<br />

the region and left utter wreckage in their wake.<br />

JULY 19 1863<br />

In mid-July Potter’s troop left New Bern, and fi nally<br />

arrived in Greenville on July 19. Potter’s men met no<br />

resistance on arriving at Greenville, and they started<br />

looting the houses and set fi re to the Tar River Bridge.<br />

While he was in Greenville, Potter sent some of his<br />

troops to Rocky Mount while he went with the rest of the<br />

soldiers to Tarboro.<br />

JULY 20 1863<br />

Potter’s troop arrived Tarboro a small, prosperous<br />

town surrounded by productive plantation on July 20,<br />

and immediately started destroying military and civilian<br />

properties and a Confederate ironclad under construction.<br />

The soldiers raced in on West Wilson St. and<br />

instantly started damaging properties especially around<br />

the town’s elegant Town Common, including railroad<br />

cars, cotton warehouses, and a partially-built ironclad<br />

gunboat. They plundered the Masonic Hall, houses,<br />

banks and several other properties. Later the same<br />

day, Confederate forces from Fort Branch at Hamilton<br />

stunned the Yankees right on the east of Tarboro, where<br />

another heavy gunfi ght ensued for more than two hours.<br />

Six Confederates lost their life, and a further 18 were<br />

captured while the rest fl ed.<br />

JULY 20 1863<br />

Rocky Mount Mills is one of the biggest industrial<br />

complexes in North <strong>Carolina</strong>, and it produces cloth<br />

and yarn for the Confederate government. As such it<br />

became the target of Brig. Gen. Edward E. Potter’s<br />

forces. The objective was to destroy the Wilmington &<br />

Weldon Railroad. The attack on the Railroad was a supply<br />

line attack because the railroad bridge which spans<br />

the nearby Tar River serves as a vital link between the<br />

Confederate capital of Richmond, Wilmington, North<br />

<strong>Carolina</strong> as well as other Confederate strongholds. During<br />

the Civil unrest, military provisions and foodstuffs<br />

were transported via the railroad to Richmond where it<br />

could be transported to Confederate armies in the fi eld.<br />

The Union commanders recognized that destroying that<br />

supply link could likely make things much more diffi cult<br />

for the Confederate armies. Potter’s men arrived at<br />

Rocky Mount at about 8:30 am and for about two hours;<br />

caused signifi cant damage to the Railroad. They burned<br />

down the train depot and buildings nearby. Next, they<br />

moved north and set fi re to the Tar River railroad bridge,<br />

and then burned the huge Rocky Mount Mills warehouses,<br />

railroad cars, stables, and 37 loaded army wagons.<br />

Some of the soldiers also broke into homes and carted<br />

away with valuables. They burned the cotton mills, gristmill,<br />

along with copious amount of cotton, fl our, yarn,<br />

and hardtack. Local folklore describes how the Mills was<br />

completely burned down, but the mill’s owner house<br />

William S. Battle was spared. Just as the Union troops<br />

was about to burn the house, the mill’s superintendent<br />

persuaded the commander Jacobs to spare it, explaining<br />

that he, the superintendent, was a Northern man<br />

himself and a Mason.<br />

LOCAL HISTORY 5<br />

Approximately more than 5,000 bales of cotton were<br />

burned, and the amount of property destroyed by potter’s<br />

expedition<br />

into North <strong>Carolina</strong><br />

is estimated at<br />

5,000,000 dollars.<br />

The destruction<br />

of the cotton mills<br />

stalled operations<br />

for several years<br />

and changed<br />

the course of the<br />

mill’s history.<br />

Despite the series<br />

of attack on potter’s<br />

forces during<br />

their return to<br />

New Bern, none<br />

were successful.<br />

Potter’s forces<br />

eventually arrived<br />

back at the Union<br />

base on July 23 with sixty-four casualties from the sixday<br />

raid.<br />

No doubt Potter’s expedition was tremendously successful,<br />

his forces destroyed a Confederate ironclad<br />

under construction, the W & W Railroad Bridge over the<br />

Tar River, at Tarboro, the Rocky Mount Mills, two other<br />

Confederate steamships, and vast quantities of Confederate<br />

military supplies and provisions. Furthermore,<br />

Potter’s troop also captured 100 Confederate prisoners,<br />

300 horses and brought back 300 contrabands (slaves<br />

who fl ed from their former masters to seek the protection<br />

of the Union) back to New Bern. These successes<br />

were only temporary though, as Wilmington and Weldon<br />

Railroad burned bridge was quickly replaced, and the<br />

telegraph lines were soon repaired. However, Rocky<br />

Mount Mills remained close for the next year.<br />

FORT BRANCH CIVIL WAR RE-ENACTMENT NOVEMBER 4, 2017

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