EACVI Echocardiography Textbook - sample

644 index
aortic stenosis 231–2, 234–48
acute decompensation 537
aetiology 234–5
aortic regurgitation and 245, 255, 318–19
ascending aorta 245
atrial fibrillation 238
calcific 232, 235, 245–6
congenital 235, 322, 515–16
definition of severity 240–4
follow-up 248
high-gradient 244
left ventricular response 244–5, 246–7
low-flow–low-gradient with preserved LV
function 242, 244
low-flow–low-gradient with reduced LV
function 241–2, 244
low-gradient 244
mild 240, 240t
mitral regurgitation and 245, 319–20
mitral stenosis and 279, 320
moderate 240t, 241
morphology 234
normal flow–low-gradient 242
paradoxical low-flow–low-gradient with
preserved LV function 242
perioperative echocardiography 585
progression 244
pseudosevere 241
pulmonary artery pressure 245
quantification of severity 235–40
rheumatic 232, 235
risk stratification 245–8
severe 240t, 241, 242–4
stress echocardiography 108, 241, 246
subvalvular 234, 255
supravalvular 234, 322, 516
timing of valve replacement 245–8
tricuspid regurgitation and 245
true severe 241
valvular 234, 515
aortic valve
anatomy 231
area 29, 239–40
bicuspid 235, 254, 515
incompetence 232–3
M-mode echocardiography 23
pathology 231–3
perioperative echocardiography 585–6
replacement valves 327–33
aortic views 55
aorto-iliac stenosis/occlusion 617
apical five-chamber view 20
apical four-chamber view 20, 405
apical long-axis view 20–1
apical three-chamber view 20–1
apical two-chamber view 20
apical views 19–21
appetite suppressants 494
ARCAPA 228
area–length method 133–4, 164
arrhythmias 537, 542–9
arrhythmogenic right ventricular
cardiomyopathy/dysplasia 389–92,
410–11
artefacts 5, 8, 10, 11f, 12f, 13f, 34, 76–7
arterial switch 521, 522
arteritis 489–90, 500, 610, 613, 615, 618
asymmetrical septal hypertrophy 356–7
atherosclerosis
aorta 461–2, 586
carotid 606–10
lower extremities 616–17
renal arteries 614
athlete’s heart 187, 188, 364, 473–5
atrial ejection force 165
atrial electromechanical delay 167
atrial fibrillation 542–8
aortic stenosis 238
cardioversion 546
catheter ablation 86–7, 546–7
left atrial thrombus 445, 545
left ventricular diastolic function 159
non-valvular 542
pulmonary vein ablation 546–7
valvular 542
atrial fraction 165
atrial natriuretic peptide 164
atrial septal defect 507–9
closure 86, 569–70
atrial switch 521
atrioventricular delay 200
atrioventricular septal defects 512–13
attenuation 4
attenuation artefacts 76–7
attenuation coefficient 4
autoimmune disease 486–8, 498–9
B
B-lines 111
B-mode imaging 7
backscatter 4
baffle obstruction 521–2
beamforming 60
parallel receive 62–3
Becker muscular dystrophy 402
Behçet’s disease 500, 613
Bernoulli equation 30
bicuspid aortic valve 235, 254, 515
biomarkers 556
biplane (Simpson) method 134, 164, 193, 413
biventricular connections 519
Blalock–Taussig shunt 520
blooming 77
body surface area 177
brachiocephalic trunk stenosis/occlusion 610
Braunwald classification 218t
Buerger’s disease 618
bulbo-ventricularis foramen 525
bull’s eye plot 144, 219f
C
calcific aortic valve disease 232, 235, 245–6, 253
calcium score 242
cancer therapy 495–6, 504, 552–7, 611
carcinoid disease 479–80, 500
cardiac arrest 532
cardiac arrhythmias 537, 542–9
cardiac catheterization 412
cardiac magnetic resonance 342, 410–11, 474
cardiac murmurs 536–7
cardiac oncology 552–7
cardiac output 135
cardiac resynchronization therapy 198–200,
206
cardiac tamponade 422–4, 535
cardiac timing interval 155–6
cardiac transplantation 431–8
acute allograft rejection 434–5
cardiac allograft vasculopathy 435–6
follow-up 436–8
hyperacute allograft rejection 431–2
immediate postoperative period 431–2
isolated right ventricular failure 432
monitoring 436–8
normal features of transplanted heart 432–4
pericardial effusion 432
perioperative echocardiography 431, 588–9
primary graft failure 432
right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy 436
cardiac troponins 556
cardiac tumours 451–8
metastatic 456–7
primary benign 451–6
primary malignant 456
cardiogenic shock 535–6
cardiomyopathy
arrhythmogenic right ventricular 389–92,
410–11
eosinophilic 386, 388, 411–12, 491
familial 401–2
peripartum 477–8
Takotsubo 220, 397–9
see also dilated cardiomyopathy; hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy; restrictive
cardiomyopathy
cardiotoxicity 552–6
cardioversion 546
Carney complex 451
carotidodynia 611
CARPA 76
Carpentier classification (valvular disease) 263,
264f, 282, 283f, 303
Carpentier nomenclature (mitral valve) 267,
270f
catheter ablation 86–7, 546–7
catheter-related femoral arteriovenous
fistula 619
catheter-related femoral artery
pseudoaneurysm 619
cavitation 14
cavo-pulmonary connection 526
certification 621–5
Chagas disease 494–5
chemotherapy 495–6, 504, 552–7
chest pain 216, 217t, 532
Chiari network 457
chordae tendineae 268
chronic kidney disease 501
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 425,
505
Churg–Strauss syndrome 491–2, 500
cirrhosis 506
coarctation of the aorta 516–17
colour flow mapping 28–9
aortic regurgitation 256–9
mitral regurgitation 285–90
tricuspid regurgitation 307–9
vascular imaging 603
colour tissue Doppler echocardiography 32
common arterial trunk 523–5
common carotid artery
coiling 611
stenosis/occlusion 609
competence 47–8, 67, 621–5
complement activation-related pseudo-allergy
(CARPA) 76
compliance 152
computed tomography 342
computerized reports 118–19
congenital heart disease, see adult congenital
heart disease
congenitally corrected transposition of the great
arteries 522–3