Fertigation: Optimizing the Utilization of Water and Nutrients - SSWM

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Foreword The International Symposium on Fertigation under the theme “Optimizing the Utilization of Water and Nutrients” was held in Beijing, 20-‐24 September 2005, Beijing Conference Center. Fertigation receives a great deal of interest in China because of the potential to save water and nutrients, while at the same time, increase agricultural productivity. In the late 1990s, the Chinese National Agro-‐technical Extension and Service Centre (NATESC) and the International Potash Institute (IPI) responded to this need by initiating a series of activities at farm and extension level to demonstrate the benefits of fertigation through publications, field experiments, training courses and famers’ days. These efforts are yielding a wide acceptance of fertigation by scientists, extension officers and policy makers in China. Jointly organized by IPI and NATESC, and assisted by the Chinese Agriculture University (CAU) and the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), the symposium presented the first international meeting fully dedicated to the topic of fertigation to be conducted in China. The use of fertigation with micro-‐irrigation systems is one of the critical measures required to meet the mounting demands on water resources and the acute need for the efficient use of nutrients in China. Yet, development of fertigation is dependent on government policy to assist in the required financial investment, on industry to supply competitive solutions of technology and fertilizers, and above all, on farmers’ deep understanding and knowledge of how to apply this technique to various crops growing in different agro-‐climatic zones. The papers in these proceedings demonstrate the many uses of fertigation and highlight the opportunities created by effectively managing water and nutrients. We hope that the proceedings provide a modest contribution to enhancing knowledge for the development of fertigation in China, and can be drawn on to improve water and nutrient use efficiency in Chinese agriculture. Hillel Magen Director, IPI Tian Youguo Division Chief, NATESC 5
Page 1 and 2: Fertigation Proceedings: Selected P
Page 3 and 4: © All rights held by: Internationa
Page 5: Yield and Fruit Quality of Tomato a
Page 9 and 10: It is my hope that this symposium a
Page 11 and 12: The worldwide irrigated areas are p
Page 13 and 14: arising from the need to prepare fe
Page 15 and 16: abundant water resources. Already b
Page 17 and 18: Nutrient movement Strongly sorbed i
Page 19 and 20: where Venturi-‐type or proporti
Page 21 and 22: practices regarded sand dunes as no
Page 24 and 25: References Abura, L., and U. Kafkaf
Page 27: Ecological Intensification of Agric
Page 30 and 31: and livestock products as income le
Page 32: grain. Therefore, it is likely that
Page 35 and 36: et al., 1997; Tilman et al., 2002).
Page 38 and 39: Fig. 4. Relationships among grain y
Page 40 and 41: References Alva, A.K., and S. Param
Page 43: Role of Mineral Nutrients in Tolera
Page 47 and 48: Fig. 1. Record yields (yields under
Page 49 and 50: Violaxanthin high light low light A
Page 52 and 53: enzymes, which suggests a role of s
Page 55 and 56: Chilling Formation of ROS by NADPH
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Bendixen, R., J. Gerendas, K. Schin
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Kato, M.C., K. Hikosaka, N. Hirotsu
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Potential Development of Fertigatio
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TWW, and in the near future this wi
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irrigation systems is estimated at
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The contribution of the nutrients i
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from TWW is far larger than the cro
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Fig. 5. K concentration (ppm, CaCl2
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Role of Fertigation in Horticultura
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Results and discussion Young tree g
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the yield of soluble solids, and by
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area. This study demonstrated that
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Fig. 5. Fruit yield and total solub
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Fig. 7. Five-‐year mean fruit y
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Fig. 9. Fruit yield and soluble sol
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Dasberg, S., A. Bar-‐Akiva, S.
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Deciduous fruit trees are character
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equirements. In the experiments des
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It has been well established that w
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Fig. 6. Soil solution K concentrati
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Effects of fertigation on soil prop
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Haynes, R.J. 1985. Principles of fe
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Manipulating Grapevine Annual Shoot
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publications -‐ general princip
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any indication as to what level of
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asal bunch at 50% cap fall is used
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Table 3. Published total seasonal i
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Conradie, W.J. 1980. Seasonal uptak
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Ruhl, E.H. 1989. Effect of potassiu
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Non-‐Nutritional Fertigation Ef
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(pH 7.5) during a 68-‐day cultu
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These findings suggest a key role f
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the presence of nitrate there is a
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In accordance with the same princip
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Fig. 11. Zinc deficiency-‐induc
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Yamasaki, M.F., and H. Takahashi. 2
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The accurate control over many proc
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Environmental problems In recent ye
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Heemskerk et al. (1997) listed the
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(Voogt et al., 2000). The basic pri
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Table 5. The average soil mineral N
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Table 7. Water quality standards fo
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van den Bos, A.L. 2001. Minimale fo
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1993; Ho and White, 2005; Marcelis
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The composition of the soil solutio
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found that BER incidence was well c
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translocation to plant organs is vi
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that affect the fruit growth rate (
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the relationships between BER incid
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De Kreij, C. 1996. Interactive effe
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Turhan, E., L. Karni, H. Aktas, G.
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Keywords: drip irrigation, irrigati
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irrigation was scheduled by means o
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Frequency of fertigation Fertigatio
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Doss, B.D., J.L. Turner, and C.E. E
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Pitts, D.J., and G.A. Clark. 1991.
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as Ca, N, or Mg. A high K:Ca ratio
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Table 3. Effects of K:Ca ratios on
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Do Algae Cause Growth-‐Promotin
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The nutrient solution contained: as
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the drain solution at the end of th
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Table 1. Occurrence of algae in dif
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Acknowledgements This study was sup
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Fertigation in Arid Regions and Sal
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A saline soil is not a sodic soil;
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through the irrigation water offers
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Principle. For example, when AS was
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Hillel, 2000). Nutrient disturbance
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Fig. 2. The interactive effects of
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