The Star: January 24, 2019
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<strong>The</strong> <strong>Star</strong> 21<br />
News<br />
Local<br />
News<br />
Now<br />
Latest Christchurch news at www.star.kiwi<br />
Thursday <strong>January</strong> <strong>24</strong> <strong>2019</strong><br />
<strong>The</strong> women of Lyttelton Gaol<br />
Fire rages, homes at risk<br />
Lyttelton Museum has<br />
unearthed the stories of<br />
more than 800 women<br />
who served sentences<br />
between 1868 and 1913<br />
at the old Oxford St gaol<br />
LYTTELTON GAOL was<br />
once the biggest prison in New<br />
Zealand.<br />
Its Oxford St site is now a<br />
reserve, home to a children’s play<br />
area, rose garden and a clock<br />
tower dedicated to the memory<br />
of Captain Charles Upham VC<br />
and Bar.<br />
<strong>The</strong> gaol’s first buildings<br />
were constructed in 1851, less<br />
than a year after the arrival of<br />
Canterbury’s European settlers. It<br />
was fully operational by 1868.<br />
<strong>The</strong>re were 149 cells for<br />
men and 29 for women. In<br />
19th century New Zealand,<br />
prison was about punishment,<br />
not reform, and this was the case<br />
at Lyttelton.<br />
Hard labour and frequent short<br />
sentences were normal for many<br />
women. While the men worked<br />
on roads and buildings, female<br />
prisoners toiled in the kitchens<br />
and laundries.<br />
<strong>The</strong>y baked for the orphanage<br />
on Cressy Tce and produced<br />
uniforms for all the prisons<br />
HISTORY: <strong>The</strong> site of the old Lyttelton Gaol, which was once the biggest prison in New<br />
Zealand. (Right) – <strong>The</strong> gaol from the corner of Winchester and Oxford Sts in about 1900.<br />
around New Zealand. Lyttelton<br />
Gaol was overcrowded and cold,<br />
with repeat offenders crammed<br />
in alongside young girls.<br />
After 1913, women were no<br />
longer imprisoned at Lyttelton.<br />
<strong>The</strong> gaol closed in 1918, and<br />
all prisoners were moved to<br />
Christchurch. It was demolished<br />
by 1923 and the land came under<br />
the control of the Ministry of<br />
Education.<br />
<strong>The</strong> block of five cells along the<br />
northern wall of the rose garden,<br />
parts of the outer walls and the<br />
steps through the reserve remain<br />
as a reminder of the decades<br />
when this piece of land had a far<br />
less happy purpose.<br />
Lyttelton Museum is just<br />
beginning to understand the<br />
stories of the women who served<br />
time in the port town prison.<br />
What is known so far is that<br />
more than 800 women served<br />
about 2000 sentences at Lyttelton<br />
Gaol between 1868 and 1913 – an<br />
average of about 45 sentences a<br />
year. But the sentences weren’t<br />
evenly spread out. It appears<br />
no women were imprisoned in<br />
Lyttelton during most of the<br />
1880s. It is not yet known why.<br />
Sentences were usually short,<br />
a few days or weeks, but some<br />
women were in and out of<br />
Lyttelton Gaol frequently.<br />
Sisters Bella and Mary<br />
McKegney, for example, were<br />
put there about 80 times between<br />
them over a 20-year period.<br />
Kate Moore was imprisoned 80<br />
times in 17 years. During these<br />
years, there was little in the way<br />
of jobs for women outside the<br />
home.<br />
•Turn to page 22<br />
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