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The Star: January 24, 2019

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<strong>The</strong> <strong>Star</strong> 21<br />

News<br />

Local<br />

News<br />

Now<br />

Latest Christchurch news at www.star.kiwi<br />

Thursday <strong>January</strong> <strong>24</strong> <strong>2019</strong><br />

<strong>The</strong> women of Lyttelton Gaol<br />

Fire rages, homes at risk<br />

Lyttelton Museum has<br />

unearthed the stories of<br />

more than 800 women<br />

who served sentences<br />

between 1868 and 1913<br />

at the old Oxford St gaol<br />

LYTTELTON GAOL was<br />

once the biggest prison in New<br />

Zealand.<br />

Its Oxford St site is now a<br />

reserve, home to a children’s play<br />

area, rose garden and a clock<br />

tower dedicated to the memory<br />

of Captain Charles Upham VC<br />

and Bar.<br />

<strong>The</strong> gaol’s first buildings<br />

were constructed in 1851, less<br />

than a year after the arrival of<br />

Canterbury’s European settlers. It<br />

was fully operational by 1868.<br />

<strong>The</strong>re were 149 cells for<br />

men and 29 for women. In<br />

19th century New Zealand,<br />

prison was about punishment,<br />

not reform, and this was the case<br />

at Lyttelton.<br />

Hard labour and frequent short<br />

sentences were normal for many<br />

women. While the men worked<br />

on roads and buildings, female<br />

prisoners toiled in the kitchens<br />

and laundries.<br />

<strong>The</strong>y baked for the orphanage<br />

on Cressy Tce and produced<br />

uniforms for all the prisons<br />

HISTORY: <strong>The</strong> site of the old Lyttelton Gaol, which was once the biggest prison in New<br />

Zealand. (Right) – <strong>The</strong> gaol from the corner of Winchester and Oxford Sts in about 1900.<br />

around New Zealand. Lyttelton<br />

Gaol was overcrowded and cold,<br />

with repeat offenders crammed<br />

in alongside young girls.<br />

After 1913, women were no<br />

longer imprisoned at Lyttelton.<br />

<strong>The</strong> gaol closed in 1918, and<br />

all prisoners were moved to<br />

Christchurch. It was demolished<br />

by 1923 and the land came under<br />

the control of the Ministry of<br />

Education.<br />

<strong>The</strong> block of five cells along the<br />

northern wall of the rose garden,<br />

parts of the outer walls and the<br />

steps through the reserve remain<br />

as a reminder of the decades<br />

when this piece of land had a far<br />

less happy purpose.<br />

Lyttelton Museum is just<br />

beginning to understand the<br />

stories of the women who served<br />

time in the port town prison.<br />

What is known so far is that<br />

more than 800 women served<br />

about 2000 sentences at Lyttelton<br />

Gaol between 1868 and 1913 – an<br />

average of about 45 sentences a<br />

year. But the sentences weren’t<br />

evenly spread out. It appears<br />

no women were imprisoned in<br />

Lyttelton during most of the<br />

1880s. It is not yet known why.<br />

Sentences were usually short,<br />

a few days or weeks, but some<br />

women were in and out of<br />

Lyttelton Gaol frequently.<br />

Sisters Bella and Mary<br />

McKegney, for example, were<br />

put there about 80 times between<br />

them over a 20-year period.<br />

Kate Moore was imprisoned 80<br />

times in 17 years. During these<br />

years, there was little in the way<br />

of jobs for women outside the<br />

home.<br />

•Turn to page 22<br />

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