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HYDRAULIC FLUIDS<br />

Hydraulic systems serve to transmit force by means<br />

of oil pressure. The hydraulic oil is pressurised<br />

by means of a pump (hydraulic pump). Through the<br />

hydraulic lines and corresponding control devices,<br />

e. g. valves, the pressurised oil reaches the working<br />

cylinders, which are then moved and perform the<br />

desired function. The tribologically most sensitive<br />

components of a hydraulic system are hydraulic<br />

pumps.<br />

Hydraulic oils are mainly required to:<br />

··<br />

Lubricate all moving parts<br />

··<br />

Protect all metal surfaces against corrosion<br />

··<br />

Dissipate heat<br />

··<br />

Ensure effective transmission of force<br />

··<br />

To meet these requirements, hydraulic oils must<br />

have the following features:<br />

··<br />

Optimum viscosity over a wide temperature range<br />

··<br />

Good air separation characteristics<br />

··<br />

Compatibility with sealing materials<br />

··<br />

High aging resistance<br />

··<br />

Anti-wear properties<br />

To optimally accomplish the purpose and ensure the<br />

properties mentioned, there are hydraulic oil formulations<br />

made of mineral or synthetic base oils and suitable<br />

additives. For ecologically compatible hydraulic<br />

oils, rapidly biodegradable base oils are also used.<br />

The following additives are added to base oils:<br />

··<br />

Pour point improver<br />

··<br />

Viscosity index improver<br />

··<br />

Anti-friction and anti-wear additives<br />

··<br />

Oxidation inhibitors<br />

··<br />

Corrosion inhibitors<br />

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