Tuyển tập 353 đề thi học sinh giỏi môn Tiếng Anh lớp 6,7,8,9,10,11,12 (có đáp án)

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Điểm bằng số Điểm bằng chữ Chữ ký G.khảo Chữ ký G.khảo Số phách Số T.tự bài thi
activities and routines, children first express themselves through two modes of communication:
gestures and sounds. As a child continues to develop, the motions and sounds he or she uses become
more complex until finally the child is able to express intended messages through speech and gestures.
The first sounds and gestures a child makes are used in reference to his or her immediate
surroundings. This stage of communication can typically be observed between six and eighteen months
of age. Starting with basic gestures, most often pointing, children indicate their intentions or show that
they recognize familiar objects. These gestures are later accompanied by sounds, approximations of
simple words that the child hears often in routine household interactions. Refined through copious
repetition, some of these sounds eventually become recognizable as words. For example, when the
family dog enters the room, a child might point and say "doddie," trying to replicate the sounds of
"dog" or "doggie," that other family members so often say. Interestingly, at this point, the child does
not yet realize that "dog" refers to a type of animal rather than just the family pet. As the child
grows older and uses the word more frequently, the more general application of the word becomes
clear, and the child will begin to demonstrate appropriate usage of the word.
From eighteen to twenty-four months of age, children continue to refine and add to their store of
sounds and words. The words used at this stage are mainly nouns, such as the names of people around
them, or verbs that refer to their ability to interact in the environment, such as "give," "take," and "go."
Their speech is very concrete and focused on phenomena that make a strong sensory impression, as
one might expect from children still in what Piaget called the sensorimotor stage of cognitive
development. During this stage, children continue to add content and meaning to their speech,
particularly by moving from one-word utterances like "doggie," to multi-word strings such as,
"doggie go." As the complexity of a child's speech increases, the number of gestures that accompany
the speech also increases. In fact, researchers have noted that the lengths of a child's verbal and
gestural expressions are similar.
By two-and-a-half years of age, children can speak in sentences made up of several words.
Furthermore, as children's verbal skills mature, so too do their gestures. These gestures are often used
to support their verbal communication, to indicate recognition of an object, or to illustrate an object's
function. For example, children at this stage of communicative development may mime actions, such
as panting or barking, to show their recognition of "dog." Children's interactions with their
conversation partners also change during this period. At this stage, children more often look at the
person being spoken to rather than at the object of their gestures.
• A) From the age of thirty months, there is an explosion in a child's ability to form sentences. In
mere months, the child goes from limited short sentences of only a few words to adult-like complexity
in the structure of their speech, such as responding to a question like, "Did you see the dog?" with the
sentence, "Yes, I did see doggie." • B) In fact, the child's language develops so rapidly at this stage
that it is difficult for researchers to describe the exact pattern of acquisition. • C) It is during this final
stage that children acquire the majority of the grammar they need to communicate effectively in their
first language. Interestingly, children seem able to systematically use grammar in their speech, as
though they somehow realize the inherent rules behind different linguistic elements. • D)
To recap, children all over the world go through the same basic stages of language acquisition,
going from mere sounds at about six months to complete sentences by the age of three. This process is
all the more interesting because it happens naturally, irrespective of any formal education.
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