Media Reporting and Reference Guide on LGBT Issues

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• Sexism: Any act, gesture, visual representation, spoken or written words, practice or behaviour based upon the idea that a person or a group of persons is inferior because of their sex, which occurs in the public or private sphere, whether online or offline, with the purpose or effect of: i. violating the inherent dignity or rights of a person or a group of persons; or ii. resulting in physical, sexual, psychological or socio-economic harm or suffering to a person or a group of persons; or iii. creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment; or iv. constituting a barrier to the autonomy <strong>and</strong> full realisation of human rights by a person or a group of persons; or v. maintaining <strong>and</strong> reinforcing gender stereotypes (Council of Europe Recommendation No (2019)1) • Transphobia: is a matrix of cultural <strong>and</strong> personal beliefs, opinions, attitudes <strong>and</strong> aggressive behaviours based on prejudice, disgust, fear <strong>and</strong>/or hatred directed against individuals or groups who do not conform to, or who transgress societal gender expectations <strong>and</strong> norms. Transphobia particularly affects individuals whose lived gender identity or gender expression differs from the gender role assigned to them at birth, <strong>and</strong> it manifests itself in various ways, e.g., as direct physical violence, transphobic speech <strong>and</strong> insulting, discriminatory media coverage, <strong>and</strong> social exclusion. Transphobia also includes institutionalized forms of discrimination such as criminalization, pathologization, or stigmatization of non-conforming gender identities <strong>and</strong> gender expressions (TGEU 2016 July 4). Marriage, family, parenthood <strong>and</strong> LGBT people • Cohabitation agreement/rights: two persons living together at the same physical address can, in some European countries (<strong>and</strong> regions), make a legal agreement on some practical matters (which vary from country to country). The rights emanating out of cohabitation are limited (ILGA Europe 2015). • Custody rights: where an individual LGBTI person, trans parents or same sex couple are treated in the same way as different-sex couples <strong>and</strong> single people when custody of children is discussed (ILGA Europe 2015). • Joint adoption: where a same-sex couple is allowed to apply for adoption of a child (ILGA Europe 2015). 30
Marriage equality: where national marriage legislation also includes same sex couples – e.g. gender neutral reference to the spouses. Sometimes media outlets <strong>and</strong> decision makers incorrectly refer to the extension of existing marriage legislation to same-sex couples as ‘gay marriage’. What they really mean is marriage equality; no country has created a marriage law specifically for same-sex couples (ILGA Europe 2015). Furthermore, marriage equality also affects people who are in same sex relationships but do not identify as gay (eg. Bisexual people, etc) <strong>and</strong> trans people who are in relationships with people of other genders but have not changed their legal documents <strong>and</strong> thus, are regarded by the state as a same sex couple. Registered partnership: a legal recognition of relationships not always with the same rights <strong>and</strong>/or benefits as marriage - synonymous with a civil union or civil partnership (ILGA Europe 2015). Rainbow family: A Rainbow Family is a same-sex or LGBT parented family. A Rainbow Family can be defined as any lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/ gender diverse, intersex, or queer person who identifies itself as LGBT <strong>and</strong> has a child or children; or is planning on having a child or children by: donor insemination (known or unknown), surrogacy (altruistic or commercial), foster care, foster to adoption, adoption (domestic or international), relationships between people of different gender identity, co-parenting or other means. These families, like many modern families, come in all shapes <strong>and</strong> sizes <strong>and</strong> are formed in many different ways (based on the definition provided by Rainbow Families N.d.). Same-sex relationships or couples: covers relationships or couples consisting of two people of the same sex (ILGA Europe 2015). Same-sex marriage: There is no country, which has a specific marriage law solely for same-sex couples. The right term is marriage equality, as the aim is to open marriage laws to same-sex couples to give them the same rights as different-sex couples (ILGA Europe 2015). Second parent adoption: where a same-sex partner is allowed to adopt their partner’s biological child(ren) (ILGA Europe 2015). Surrogacy: an arrangement in which a woman carries <strong>and</strong> delivers a child for another couple or for another person (ILGA Europe 2015). 31
Page 1: www.ethos-project.eu Media<
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Page 13 and 14: Basic concepts and
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Page 17 and 18: Gender: It refers, traditionally, t
Page 19 and 20: Are there differences and</
Page 21 and 22: 2. Anti-LGBT hate crime, hate speec
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Page 29: Discrimination on the grounds of ge
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Page 49 and 50: • AVEN - Asexual Visibility <stro
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Page 53 and 54: • TGEU - Transgender Europe. 2019
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with the support of ESIEA, ESHEM-Th
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References • 115
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• ESHEM-Th - Journalists’ Union
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• Law No. 4356/2015. Retrieved fr
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• Sto Kokkino 2018 October 18.
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the legal reading of the judgment i
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In May 2013, the National LGBT righ
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Office of the Inspector of Journali
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State institutions • To ensure th
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References • Nat
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ANNEXES ANNEX 1 European legal fram
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ANNEX 2 Relevant recommendations of
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This requirement is particularly im
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1. Training Initial training School
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6. Advertising Although the multi-e
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I. Media a
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135. The elaboration in recommendat
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undertaking of monitoring or the op
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The E.T.Ho.S. Project Team (in alph
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as Local Coordinator and</s
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Media Reporting and Reference Guide on LGBT Issues

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