BOB MAGAZINE august Corrected

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Dr. Sanjay Gupta MD. born October 23, 1969) is an Indian American
neurosurgeon and medical reporter. A graduate of the University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine University
of Michigan, Novi High School He serves as associate chief of the neurosurgery service at The Grady Memorial
Hospital in Atlanta Georgia, and as assistant professor also of neurosurgery at the Emory University School of
Medicine. Dr. Gupta is well known for his Multiple
TV appearances on health-related issues. He is
also the chief medical correspondent and the host
of the Atlanta base CNN show Sanjay Gupta
MD for which he has won multiple Emmy Awards.
He is a frequent contributor to other CNN programs
such as American Morning, Larry King
Live and Anderson Cooper 360°. His reports
from Charity Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana, in
the dawn of Hurricane Katrina led to him winning a
2006 Emmy Award for his Outstanding Feature
Story in a Regularly Scheduled Newscast. He is
also a special correspondent for CBS 60 min and
CBS News with Scott Kelly .
In print, Dr. Gupta publishes a column
in Time magazine, and authored a number of best
selling books such as Chasing Life and Cheating Death. In April 2019, Chasing Life was adapted as a six-show TV miniseries
on CNN that took him all over the globe to Japan, India, Bolivia, Norway, Italy, and Turkey. His novel Monday
Mornings became an instant New York Times bestseller on its release in March 2012. It was adapted as a
2013 television series with David E. Kelley and Dr. Gupta MD. serving as executive producers. Between 1997 and
1998, he served as one of fifteen White house Fellows, primarily as an advisor to then first lady Hillary Clinton. In January
2009, it was reported that Dr. Gupta was offered the position of SGOTUS, in the Obama administration,He declined
the nomination, In 2010, Dr. Gupta was honored by John F. Kennedy University with its Laureate Award
for leaders in health and wellness January 2011, he was Dubbed "one of the 10 most influential celebrities"
by Forbes International magazine

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Six years ago, CNN’s chief medical correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta
apologized for “systematically misleading Americans” about medical
marijuana on Piers Morgan last show on August 8 2013 . Gupta,
who as recently as 2009 wrote an anti-medical marijuana op-ed
for TIME Magazine, has published a piece entitled “Why
I Changed My Mind On Weed” in anticipation of the release
of his documentary “WEED”, August 11 on CNN.
“I think it’s irresponsible of the medical
community not to offer
[cannabis] as an alternative.”
-Dr. Sanjay Gupta Findings reveals,
that the federal government over the
years, spent more money to find
what harm Cannabis cause and less money of what Cannabis can cure . 94% /6%
He has change his mind drastically when he discovered that cannabis actually have more potential
in helping people in a lots of areas, medically such as pain,, help people come down off opioids
addictions, plus many more health benefits and therefore its only fear that as a chief Medical
officer, he would comes out and tell the truth.. It basically takes a jay to free the Jay. Thank
you, Dr. Sanjay. - B.O.B. Magazine

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Miss America 2019 was the 92nd Miss America pageant. We are very proud to have yet another
woman of color to win the competition combined with 46 of the 52 state organizations. In a
historic feat, three women of color, now simultaneously reign as Miss America, Miss USA,
and Miss Teen USA.
Miss North Carolina's Cheslie Kryst completed the beauty pageant trifecta on Thursday
when she was crowned the 2019 Miss USA, joining Miss Teen USA winner Kaliegh Garris
and Miss America Nia Franklin. Kryst, 28, will now advance to the Miss Universe competition.
The oldest of the three pageants is Miss America, which dates back to the early 1920s but
only began accepting women of color in the 1940s. Cheryl Browne became the first black
women to participate in 1970 and Vanessa Williams was crowned the first black Miss
America in 1983. She was later forced to resign her post after nude photos emerged toward
the end of her reign.—B.O.B. Magazine

Miss Teen USA 2019 was the 37th Miss Teen USA pageant. It was held at the Grand Sierra Resort in Reno,
Nevada on April 28, 2019, and was hosted by Miss USA 2014 Nia Sanchez and Tim Tialdo. Hailey Colborn of
Kansas crowned her successor Kaliegh Garris of Connecticut at the end of the event.
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In Reno, Nev. -- A 27-year-old lawyer from North Carolina who represents prison
inmates for free, in other words a (legal aid), won the Miss USA title Thursday
night, describing herself as a "weird kid" with a "unibrow" who's now part
of the first generation of truly empowered women. Asked in the final round to
use one word to summarize her generation, Cheslie Kryst of Charlotte said
"innovative."
"I'm standing here in Nevada, in the state that has the first female majority legislature
in the entire country," she said at the event held for the first time in Reno.
"Mine is the first generation to have that forward-looking mindset that has
inclusivity, diversity, strength and empowered women. I'm looking forward to
continued progress in my generation."
New Mexico's Alejandra Gonzalez, the first runner-up, and Oklahoma's Tirana
Browne, the second runner-up, helped highlight the diversity of the competition
on stage as the three finalists along with Kryst, who is African American.

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“The supply of homes for
sale and lack of affordability
continue to be challenges
for the housing market,”
wrote MBA economists Michael
Frat Antoni and Joel
Kan. “Even with the anticipated
cool down in economic
growth, we expect that
housing demand will remain
strong, mortgage rates will
stabilize, wage growth will
increase and home price
growth will moderate,
providing favorable conditions
for growth in the home
Yes the lack of more housing is an issue but so is the fact that lots of Boomers are staying in large metro
areas (i.e. D.C.) which hurts younger couples (with kids). The inner suburbs of D.C. have no more
land to develop, an inherent/hard to fix issue, with lots of Boomers staying in their homes they've
owned for 20+ years.” WA Post

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Builders face significant head winds because of
the “five Ls” — labor, lots, laws, lending and
lumber. A labor shortage, lack of buildable lots,
of numerous regulations, strict lending and tariffs
on supplies such as lumber have increased
their costs, says Dietz.
NAHB predicts new-home sales will be around
628,000, the same as in 2018. Single-family
construction, which includes for-sale and notfor-sale
homes, will increase nearly 2 percent
from 2018 to around 900,000 units. Based on
demographics, that’s 200,000 to 300,000 less
than the market could absorb and well below
the average number of starts pre-housing crash.
From 2000 to 2003, the average was 1.3 million.
Builders have taken a lot of heat for not building enough homes or building primarily
luxury homes. But Dietz said there has been an uptick in townhouse construction,
a more affordable single-family option.

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that occurred while the Fed raises interest rates, it could cause a crash. Most Americans are
concerned that the real estate market is going to crash. A recent survey found that 58 percent
agreed that there would be a "housing bubble and price correction" by 2020.
real estate bubble affecting over half of the
U.S. states. Housing prices peaked in early
2006, started to decline in 2006 and 2007,
and reached new lows in 2012. On December
30, 2008, the Case–Shiller home price index
In 2018 A total of 326,275
properties received
foreclosure notices during
the first half of the
year, a 15 percent decrease
from the same
period in 2017 Year-
End: 624,753 properties
were in foreclosure
in 2018, down 8 percent
from the previous
year.

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President Clinton's
Housing Urban
Development (HUD)
Secretary, Andrew Cuomo announces
on July 29, 1999 -
ACTION TO PROVIDE
$2.4TRILLION IN MORTGAG-
ES FOR AFFORDABLE
HOUSING FOR 28.1 MILLION
FAMILIES
July: Countrywide Financial and
Fannie Mae ink a Strategic agreement
which will lead Countrywide
to become the country's leading
mortgage provider to poor minorities
by the end of 2000. Countrywide,
Fannie Ink Pact National

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Paul's Seafood Restaurant
7551 W Oakland Park Blvd, Lauderhill (Broward County)
Mr. Paul Bailey has recently acquired the
store that was previously own by Carl’s Seafood franchise
at 7551 West Oakland Park Blvd.
Mr. Bailey promises to the public that his brand of seafood,
will be the name that will rule the future in the
seafood business, the food has not been salty, well
season to the bone
Freshly cooked on a daily basis. Mr. Bailey says Daily
and he means just that………….. B.O.B Magazine

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This wonderful family owned restaurant located on 6th. street downtown Ft. Lauderdale, FL. Is the ideal place for family
meetings and or gathering, the food is original and tasty at the same time owned and operated by the Malcolm's Family
They also cater for functions seminars office parties banquette personal party’s weddings repast and more, the Malcom's
has always been very charitable to the community helpful in more ways than one their effort to make Ft. Lauderdale and
the world at large a better place for our children are relentless .....B.O.B. Magazine

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Carl’s Seafood has been a trend setter in the community for over 20 years and a equal opportunity employer, the food has
always been top notch seafood at is best, the portion is always’ more than you can manage which dubbed

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Gayle on Sunday managed to score just 11
runs but that was enough for him to go past
Lara's tally of 10,348 runs. He now sits on
10,353 runs and the match was also his
300th ODI
Gayle had said earlier in the year that the home
series against England would be his last for West
Indies and that he would end his international
career after the 2019 World Cup. He scored 249
runs in the tournament and said that he would
be "definitely be playing the ODIs against India"
and even said he might consider playing one of
the two Test matches that comes after the ODI
series.
"Congratulations @henrygayle most runs by a West Indian
in ODI cricket," Lara tweeted.

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39 sixes in ODI series New World Record West Indies vs England
While he is playing the ODI series, West Indies decided not to call up
Gayle for the Test series. Gayle has not played a long form game since
September 2014.
Gayle has proven himself as one of the best among Yaga row Clive
Lloyd and the rest of the greatest ever played the game…
B.O.B. Magazine

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West Indies cricket legend, Brian Lara,
was admitted to a hospital on
Tuesday.
The 50-year-old from Trinidad, is considered
one of the greatest batsmen
to have played the game. He was kept
in the Global Hospital in Parel, after
complaining of discomfort during an
event here, a source close to the player
told PTI.
“The hospital authorities, so far are
tight-lipped about why the former
player has been admitted... are expected
to issue a statement on his
condition in some time.”
The former batsman is in the country
as an analyst for the official broadcasters
of the ongoing World Cup.
The legendary left-hander played 131
Tests for the West Indies, and averaged
52.89 for his 11,953 runs, while
his 299 ODI appearances yielded
10,405 runs at 40.17.
He is the first and only player to have
registered 400 runs in a Test innings.
Lara is considered one among the
most awe-inspiring batters of an era
in which the iconic Sachin Tendulkar
was his contemporary.

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THE GREAT LEBRAN is on his way to
get his fourth ring
USAIN BOLT FASTEST MAN THE
WORLD HAS EVER SEEN
It is no coincidence why the
“fastest man” comes from Jamaica
it was a build up in the making
1912 Olympic, we have Norman
Manley won the 100 meter in
London , following by Arthur
Wynt then came Don Quarry .
Now its ,Usain Bolt, who sits on
records that possibly will never
be broken in his lifetime -B.OB.

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Mr. Campbell is solely responsible
for playing Jamaican music
on the radio at night. I personally
remember as a youngster
King Tubby’s jam the frequency
and we couldn't hear
no Beethoven or Bach. It was
dub wise, until they finally
catch up on King Tubby. So
little did they know that Mikey
Dread is from tubby school
while JBC hired him to play
Bach and Beethoven and other
classical European music. One
special night we turn on the
radio , we heard ,”Good morning
people you’re in tune to
DREAD AT THE CONTROLE”
and he puts a hot single on the
turn table from the GREGORY
“Cool Ruler” ISAACS “Soon
Forward.” Ever since, Jamaican
radio has never been the same.
So what happen we ask him ?
"After I left JBC, I went to work
with Treasure Isle recording
studio as an engineer. I was
doing some of my productions
as well. We get some little skill
training from a guy called Errol
Brown, who became Bob
Marley's engineer. But that
was Errol's job. When me leave
JBC, Errol was going to work
with Bob Marley so Errol leave
that space for me and I go in
and run that and Errol went to
Tuff Gong and that's how the
runnings go. Then my music
career took off from there and
I had to leave the studio thing
behind." - B.O.B. Magazine

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From heroine to 7 years of cocaine addictions to miss management and all the struggle a woman of color in this music business
could face she manage to survive it all and be a beacon of light to so many include Adel, Beyoncé, up and coming RA and many
more take her last hit with flow– rider “I got a feeling “ James’s artistry was recognized with four Grammy Awards, including one
in 2003 for lifetime achievement, as well as induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1993), the Blues Hall of Fame (2001), and
the Grammy Hall of Fame (1999 and 2008). Her autobiography, Rage to Survive (cowritten with David Ritz), was published in 1995.

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Ms. Franklin a true native of Detroit
would never fly any where she only
travel by train or her coach after diagnose
with Cancer in her pancreas the
singer pass on August 16,2018 the
queen of soul left her talent in her
grand daughter Grace and we cant
wait to hear her .. The Estate also was
in the courts in the meanwhile they
give funds for cancer research
The fund launched by Aretha Franklin’s
estate is a partnership with a Detroit-based
company entitled the
Women’s Informal Network and the
NETRF

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$310 million
Jay-Z has used his
music to shill the
$300 gold bottles
of the "Ace of
Spades" champagne
since
launching the
brand. Being the
Queen B husband
enhances his
brand tremendously
along with the
2006 video “Show
Me What You Got."
More recently, his
verse on Meek
Mill’s “What’s Free"
put a half-billiondollar
value on the
wine, which some
people make it
seems like a bit -
too bubbly.
But the queen is
smiling all the way
to the bank!

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Jay Z becomes a billionaire
as soon as he declared
his Rasta image!
Now he has a huge stake
in the NFL franchise both
players and half time
event can some one say,
Real boss !
Tidal $100 million
In 2015, Jay-Z submitted a
bid to purchase the Scandinavian
streaming service’s
parent company for just shy
of $60 million. He relaunched
Tidal later that year with a
roster of celebrity investors
including his wife, Beyoncé,
and other music luminaries,
from Kanye West to Calvin
Harris.
$100 million
Jay-Z’s cognac, a joint venture
with beverage giant
Bacardi, moves almost
200,000 cases and has
grown nearly 80% annually.
“Jay-Z resonates with consumers
who are attracted to
the ultra-premium lifestyle,"
says Eric Schmidt, Beverage
Marketing Corp.’s Director
of Alcohol Research.
Plus many more ventures
like Roc Nation who represents
Artist & athlete.
$220 million
A mega investing portfolio
includes a vast
stake in Uber worth of
an estimated $70 million.
He reportedly purchas
ed his piece for $2 million
back in 2013—and
then wired founder
Travis Kalanick another
$5 million in an attempt
to increase his
holdings. Insiders has
said that last bid was
rebuffed.

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It has been said Tuff Gong made
over 20 million dollars every
year.
Since his passing, Mr. Marley
music has stretched across the
generational span to new heights
and higher levels. He has truly
left a great legacy, not just for his
personal children ,but for all people
in general.
He would be the first to tell you
his riches are in people.
He would give all his royalties
and checks to the poor and impoverish
people any where he
goes.

Stolen by Portuguese slave traders, kidnapped
by English pirates, and taken far
from home. African arrivals to colonial
Virginia in 1619 marked ...
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TO TAKE Control of what you want! To believe whole heartedly that you already are a millionaire you just have to cash that
first check. I think to be a boss you have to have that mindset. You have to make that decision that that’s what you want
and allow nothing to get in the way of that. I have a vision that I’ve seen since I was a little girl and I just see it so clearly.
Who is Beauty and Brilliance? It is my vision that includes success incorporating multiple income streams. My primary vision
includes RA and writing. Business investment, real estate, merchandise distributor, make up and clothing line, business
investment- investing in lines of business with success. Why did you name it Beauty and Brilliance LLC? It shows that
a woman can also be beautiful as well as brilliant. It speaks for itself it’s a Women’s owned business and we’re smart as
heck.
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What should people know
about you or learn from you?
You matter. So much and you
have to follow your heart with
everything in you. Who is ra?
She is daring, she’s motivating,
she’s been broken down and
shattered into pieces and will
always rise again. Bio continued...
There are many ways to
describe RA, but there is one
word that ties them all together
and is true to character: RA is
Real. Each lyric right from her
heart, from her pain, and from
her strengths.
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Inspiring and empowering the world through each step. While making lasting music that encourages all to have the courage and
dare within them to fly with the wings given from the very beginning. Throughout the course of her musical career, RA has written
songs and won over the hearts of music lovers from all walks of life through her voice. Performing at a variety of venues,
making dozens of appearances, all the while writing and recording new singles in hope to encourage and empower.
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RA has earned the admiration and affection of countless fans, serving as both an inspiration and a role model. Music it’s a
universal language it has the power to heal to move to inspire to say things that sometimes aren’t the easiest to be said.
From the melodies, to different harmonies, and chord changes, to the way Celine Dion could hit a note and it bring tears to
ones eyes and goosebumps to their arms. Watching artist like Beyoncé on the stage and the way it makes one feel like
they can be powerful.
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Songs have pour out of “Ra” since she was little and now they are an obsession. Ra’s mission is to use the power of lyrics
in every aspect of music. “Ra” sings to remind people that they are good enough and they don’t need to shadow another
person to understand they are worthy. She has musical influences from her momma’s voice to Beyoncé. Some of Ra’s
inspiration include: Tina Turner, Mariah Carey, Pink, Aretha Franklin, Rihanna, and Nicki Minaj. This list could go on and on.
Also, watching these women, as a woman of color, she identify how they are able to start coming up on the chain in life.
This is what inspire “Ra” the most and actually made her want to become a part of the movement. She is definitely unique!
There’s a ton of stuff that needs to said and in her music, she SAYS it !!! …... B.O.B. MAGAZINE!!!!!!

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FOR MORE INFORMATION~
BEAUTYANDBRILLIANCELLC@GMAIL.COM
786– 353-7417
BOOKING :

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In 1619, it came to the English
colony of Virginia. The San
Juan Bautista, a Spanish ship
transporting enslaved Africans,
that was bound for Mexico
when it was attacked by the
White Lion and another privateer,
the Treasurer, and forced
to surrender its African prisoners.
To the us ..
This was the biggest forced
migration of people in world
history –aka The Transatlantic
Slave trade, was already well
under way in the Caribbean
and Latin America.
The captain of the White Lion, John
Jope, traded the captives to Virginians
in return for food and supplies. They
were taken into servitude in nearby
homes and plantations, their skills as
farmers in the daily struggle to survive.
Slavery as we know it in America
was born

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(D) Presidential candidate
Ms. Marianne Williamson
calls for 500 billion dollars
It’s a very nice suggestion but it actually don’t work like
that, because 500 billion is not enough to all the damages
and post slavery dramatic stress and residue up until
this day, but its certainly start the conversation that we
been trying to have for over a hundred years now .
The only way we can do this, all people in the western
hemisphere with slave inherited names like Thompson
Johnson Aitcheson, brown white, black, smith, and the
list goes on, the names will determine who’s to be paid
Now each person must get minimum wages that of
which is equaling todays minimum wages times 12
hours a day times 7 day’s a week times 400 years
Then we can start a serious conversation plus damages
and sabotage for years ...B.O.B. Magazine

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“The Ghana Tourism Authority (GTA) under the Auspices of the
Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture along with the Office of Diaspora Affairs at the Office of the President, the PANAFEST
Foundation and the Adinkra Group of USA hosted the program at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C The goal is to get African
Americans to return to Ghana and have a transformative experience of connecting with the continent from which they were
taken 400 years ago.
President and CEO of the Adinkra
Group, Diallo Sumbry explained
that the collaboration with Ghana
should “have an impact at
least nine generations deep,”
and if not, “then we’re making a
serious misstep right now,” Sumbry
said. “We have an opportunity.
It takes work, it takes
commitment and it takes sacrifice.”
The President of Ghana dedicated
“the ceremony to the
memory of the prodigal son,”
because he was lost and
found. As the leader of Ghana,
the President welcomed
the west home ..

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“To make our wills obedient to
good influences and to avoid
evil, therefore, is to show the
greatest wisdom. In order to
follow this aim one must be
guided by religion. Progress
without religion is just like a
life surrounded by unknown
perils and can be compared to
a body without a soul. All human
inventions, from the most
primitive tool to the modern
atom, can help man greatly in
his peaceful endeavors.
But if they are put to evil purposes
they have the capacity
to wipe out the human race
from the surface of the earth.
It is only when the human
mind is guided by religion and
morality that man can acquire
the necessary vision to put all
his ingenuous inventions and
contrivances to really useful
and beneficial purposes. April
5, 1948”
H.I.M. Haile Selassie I King Of
Kings Lord Of Lords Conquering
Lion Of Judah

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Ms. Damara Holness has come into her own political chair
by sweeping the vote into a landslide victory. She challenged
her opponent for the Democratic Black Caucus of
Broward County. Here she strikes a WINNING POSE with
her dad, Dale Holness. He also is a political giant in the
county and currently serving as the county commissioner.
They share the same initial DH.. like father like daughter.
The only difference is that one day in our lifetime we could see a female
President Holness in our White House. We will not put it pass
her cause she is that bright of an individual. She takes her political
career very seriously. This woman is no joke she is actually the truth.
And don’t forget she is a native of broward county, has a residency
here, and is a U.S. born citizen.

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Emperor Haile Selassie had a twofold diagnosis as to why his predecessors’ efforts to curb or end slavery had
failed: a combination of failure to put in place enforcement mechanisms to accompany numerous laws issued
over the years, and the enormity of the problem due to the fact that slavery was “deeply rooted in tradition”
(Haile Selassie, Vol. I, p. 80; Vol. II, P. 175). He was convinced that “it was impossible to uproot such an
ancient institution simply by writing laws.” He also feared that a sudden end to slavery would create an influx
of a large underclass with no means to support itself; that would have created two million destitute people
overnight (Pankhurst, 1968, p. 118; Coming-Platt p. 164). Thus, his was going to be a deliberate process
including substantive laws and tough enforcement mechanisms that would gradually put the institution of
slavery out of commission.
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The most serious laws marking the beginning of the end for the institution of slavery in Ethiopia came in the
1920’s. It is true that by that time, Ethiopia had little choice but to effectively tackle the slavery problem,
which had remained endemic. By 1922, Ethiopia had come under unrelenting pressure to end slavery from
western news-mediaparticularly the British press as well as anti-slavery groups such as the Anti-Slavery and
Aborigines Protection Society.
That wasn’t all. Ethiopia also needed to show results in its fight to end slavery so as to deny European powers
an excuse they could use to take it over, particularly Britain, France and Italy, whose colonies at the time
surrounded it. After all, that was the motive (p. 603) behind the 1906 tripartite treaty signed among these
countries (Comin-Platt p. 177). This was particularly true for Britain, whose opposition to slavery in Ethiopia
was “based primarily on imperialist and strategic designs,” and Italy, which in addition to its territorial desires,
was also itching for a payback for the thorough defeat it suffered in the hands of the Ethiopians in 1896
in the battle of Adwa. More importantly though, Ethiopia had to start taking concrete measures to end slavery
because it was one of the conditions for its admission to the League of Nations, a club of “civilized nations,”
in September 1923 (Encyclopedia Aethiopica p. 681; Comin-Platt p. 164). As part of this arrangement,
Ethiopia was required to phase out slavery over ten years period at the end of which it had to abolish it completely
(Comin-Platt p. 164).
Fortunately, these continued pressures from outside coincided with suitable local conditions in which slavery
had become less economically tenable and unfashionable due to the “changing life style of the ruling class,”
making the task feasible if not easy (Zewde P. 94).
Although Emperor Haile Selassie had already taken various measures to enforce existing anti-slavery laws,
the first in a series of legislation issued during his reign came on September 23, 1923. The Emperor, then Ras
Tafari, issued a proclamation outlawing slave raiding and imposing a duty on administrators to enforce the
proclamation under the penalty of the law (Pankhurst, 1968, p. 113-114). This Proclamation made slave raiding
a capital offense. It also imposed strict liability on local authorities in which governors, chiefs and headmen
would be liable to a steep fine for every slave stolen from their area. In addition, this Proclamation stated
that every slave taken from his country would be eligible for a warrant of freedom and would maintain
the right to return home.
This was followed by another law in March 1924, which was amended in July 1931, in which the Emperor
sought to gradually emancipate slaves in the country and abolish slavery (the Emancipation Law). Many of
the provisions in this law were not new. For instance, provisions on emancipation of slaves who had become
clerics, who had fought in wars or who had saved their masters’ lives were already part of existing laws (The
Fatha Nagast, 177). However, the lack of effective control of the central government in many parts of the
country, and the fact that people in places of authority including judges and village chiefs were also slave

Fifty-six special judges were appointed in different parts of the country and a department whose main function
was to supervise the proper implementation of laws was established in the capital, a sign of the Emperor’s
determination to ensure the effective enforcement of his laws (Goadby, p. 180, 202).
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The Emancipation Law also included provisions that made it easy for slaves to seek emancipation immediately.
It did this in part by stacking procedural hurdles against slave owners. For instance, it provided that if a
slave escaped, he/she could only be legally captured by their master or by authorized customs officials at the
border. If a master failed to claim a runaway slave captured by authorized officials within eight days, the
slave would be emancipated. If a master captured a runaway slave, he/she could not take the slave back directly;
rather he/she had to go through a court process where an inquiry would be made as to the reasons
that led the slave to attempt escape. In addition, it gave slaves legal standing to sue their masters for maltreatment.
If it was found that a master had indeed mistreated his/her slave, the master would get one
warning; a finding of a second offense would result in the emancipation of the slave (Pankhurst, 1968, p.
114).
More notable were, however, the three provisions in the Emancipation Law that sought to gradually abolish
slavery within one generation. One of these provisions banned the transfer of slaves from one person to another
including among relatives. Another mandated that slaves be emancipated within a year after the death
of their master. Although the initial language of the Law allowed for slaves to be inherited for a maximum of
seven years after the death of their master, this was eliminated by the 1931 amendment leaving only one
year as a transition period before a slave whose master had died could be freed. Finally, the law mandated
that all children born to slaves, who in the past automatically became slaves, were free.
The law also included provisions on welfare of emancipated slaves. It extended to emancipated slaves a seven
year tax holiday, an attempt designed to give freed slaves the opportunity to get on their feet. It also gave
emancipated slaves the right to education and the right to work including the rights to join the military and
the civil service.
All these reforms were apparently not enough to prevent Italy from using the issue as one of its justifications
for its second Ethiopian invasion in 1935. The issue proved a reliable propaganda tool to convince the world
that Ethiopia was indeed not a “civilized nation” and therefore did not deserve to be treated like one. It did
not help its case that Ethiopia had not abolished slavery twelve years into its membership in the League, two
years past the agreed term. Italy invaded Ethiopia in October 1935 and issued two laws in October 1935 and
in April 1936 emancipating slaves in the country (Encyclopedia Aethiopica, p. 681). According to Italy’s accounts,
during its brief occupation of Ethiopia, it freed 420,000 slaves.
After Italy’s defeat in World War II and his return from exile in Britain, Emperor Haile Selassie changed gears
and abandoned his plan to phase out slavery over an extended period of time in favor of one that resembled
Italy’s, immediate and complete abrogation. It seems that the lack of any significant backlash from the passage
of laws against slavery by Italy during its brief occupation of Ethiopia had convinced Haile Selassie
that his fear of possible negative impact that may result from an immediate abolition was unfounded. The
Emperor, therefore, issued the Slavery (Abolition) Proclamation No. 22 of 1942 in August of that year.
The 1942 Proclamation declared that “the legal status of slavery is abolished” and imposed harsh penalty on
persons who: participated in transporting of a persons out of Ethiopia so that they could be sold as slaves;
participated in slave dealing; prevented slaves from asserting their freedom; or participated in the pawning

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The 1942 Proclamation was later replaced by
the Penal Code No. 158 of 1957, which was then
repealed by the law currently in force, The Criminal
Code of the Federal Democratic Republic of
Ethiopia No. 414 of 2004, both of which include
a provision banning slavery and imposing harsh
penalties for its violation.
The following materials from the Library of Congress’s
collection were used in preparing this
post:
Sir Thomas Comin-Platt, The Abyssinian
Storm (Jerrold's Limited, 1935);
Richard Pankhurst, Economic History of Ethiopia
(Haile Selassie I University Press, 1968);
F.M. Goad by, The Law of Slavery in Abyssinia,
in Journal of Comparative Legislation and International
Law, 180-202 (Hazell, Watson & Vinery,
Ltd., 1933);
Encyclopedia Aethiopica (Siegbert Uhliged ed.,
Hirasawa, 2010);
Haile Selassie I, My life and Ethiopia’s Progress,
1892-1937 : The Autobiography of Emperor
Haile Selassie I(Edward Ullendorff, trans., Oxford
University Press, 1976);
Haile Selassie I, My Life and Ethiopia’s Progress,
Vol. II (Harold Marcus et al., eds., Michigan
State University Press, 1994);
Bahru Zewde, A History of Modern Ethiopia,
1855-1991 (Addis Ababa University Press, 2nd
ed., 2001); and
The Fetha Nagast (Paulos Tzadua, trans., Faculty
of Law Haile Selassie I University, 1968)

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