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A grammar of Yakkha, 2015

A grammar of Yakkha, 2015

A grammar of Yakkha, 2015

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Contents<br />

11.1.11 Copular and light verb frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342<br />

11.2 Valency alternations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346<br />

11.2.1 Lability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346<br />

11.2.2 Alternations in three-argument verbs . . . . . . . . . . . 349<br />

11.3 Transitivity operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354<br />

11.3.1 Unmarked detransitivizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355<br />

11.3.2 The causative construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366<br />

11.3.3 The sbj]benefactivebenefactive construction . . . . . . . 371<br />

11.3.4 The reflexive construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374<br />

11.3.5 The reciprocal construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377<br />

11.3.6 The middle construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379<br />

11.3.7 V2 stems signalling animate T arguments . . . . . . . . 380<br />

11.3.8 Historical excursus: Stem augments . . . . . . . . . . . . 382<br />

12 Simple clauses 385<br />

12.1 Basic clausal properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385<br />

12.2 Constituent order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387<br />

12.3 Illocutionary functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389<br />

12.3.1 Declarative clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389<br />

12.3.2 Hortative and optative clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390<br />

12.3.3 Imperative and prohibitive clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . 392<br />

12.3.4 Interrogative clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393<br />

12.3.5 Exclamative clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396<br />

12.4 Flexible agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397<br />

13 Nominalization and relativization 399<br />

13.1 Lexical nominalization: -pa and -ma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399<br />

13.2 Participant nominalization (S/A arguments): -khuba . . . . . . . 400<br />

13.2.1 Formal properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400<br />

13.2.2 Grammatical relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403<br />

13.2.3 Predicative use <strong>of</strong> the nominalized forms . . . . . . . . . 404<br />

13.3 The nominalizers =na and =ha ~ =ya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405<br />

13.3.1 Relativization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407<br />

13.3.2 Complementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414<br />

13.3.3 Stand-alone nominalizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415<br />

13.4 Correlative clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423<br />

14 Adverbial clause linkage 427<br />

14.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427<br />

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