- Page 1 and 2: A grammar of Yakkha Diana Schackow
- Page 3 and 4: A grammar of Yakkha Diana Schackow
- Page 5 and 6: Contents Acknowledgments Abbreviati
- Page 7 and 8: Contents 5.1.5 Inherent duality . .
- Page 9: Contents 10.2 The functions of the
- Page 13 and 14: Acknowledgments This grammar is a r
- Page 15: publish my work at Language Science
- Page 18 and 19: Abbreviations pol politeness pl plu
- Page 20 and 21: 1 Introduction 1.2 How to use the g
- Page 22 and 23: 1 Introduction The category labels
- Page 24 and 25: 1 Introduction realization markers
- Page 26 and 27: 1 Introduction 1.3.2 The corpus The
- Page 28 and 29: 1 Introduction of the dictionary (u
- Page 30 and 31: 1 Introduction Nouns can be inflect
- Page 32 and 33: 1 Introduction The argument structu
- Page 34 and 35: 1 Introduction (10) a. uŋci=ŋa 3n
- Page 36 and 37: 2 The Yakkha language and its speak
- Page 38 and 39: 2 The Yakkha language and its speak
- Page 40 and 41: 2 The Yakkha language and its speak
- Page 42 and 43: 2 The Yakkha language and its speak
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- Page 59 and 60: 3 Phonology This chapter deals with
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3.1 Phoneme inventory and allophoni
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3.1 Phoneme inventory and allophoni
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3.1 Phoneme inventory and allophoni
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3.1 Phoneme inventory and allophoni
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3.2 Syllable structure b. ca.mha.ci
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3.2 Syllable structure Table 3.8: C
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3.3 The phonological treatment of N
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3.4 Stress assignment Another typic
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3.4 Stress assignment b. luk.ta.ˈk
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3.4 Stress assignment if they attac
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3.5 Morphophonological processes C.
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3.5 Morphophonological processes Af
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3.5 Morphophonological processes Be
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3.5 Morphophonological processes b.
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3.5 Morphophonological processes Ta
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3.5 Morphophonological processes 3.
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3.5 Morphophonological processes b.
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3.5 Morphophonological processes of
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3.5 Morphophonological processes b.
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3.5 Morphophonological processes Th
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3.5 Morphophonological processes Ta
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3.5 Morphophonological processes An
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4 Pronouns, demonstratives, quantif
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4 Pronouns, demonstratives, quantif
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4 Pronouns, demonstratives, quantif
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4 Pronouns, demonstratives, quantif
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4 Pronouns, demonstratives, quantif
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4 Pronouns, demonstratives, quantif
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4 Pronouns, demonstratives, quantif
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4 Pronouns, demonstratives, quantif
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4 Pronouns, demonstratives, quantif
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4 Pronouns, demonstratives, quantif
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4 Pronouns, demonstratives, quantif
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4 Pronouns, demonstratives, quantif
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5 The noun phrase The class of noun
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5.1 Noun formation and properties o
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5.1 Noun formation and properties o
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5.1 Noun formation and properties o
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5.1 Noun formation and properties o
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5.2 Nominal inflectional morphology
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5.2 Nominal inflectional morphology
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5.2 Nominal inflectional morphology
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5.2 Nominal inflectional morphology
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5.2 Nominal inflectional morphology
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5.2 Nominal inflectional morphology
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5.2 Nominal inflectional morphology
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5.2 Nominal inflectional morphology
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5.2 Nominal inflectional morphology
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5.2 Nominal inflectional morphology
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5.2 Nominal inflectional morphology
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5.2 Nominal inflectional morphology
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5.2 Nominal inflectional morphology
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5.3 Relational nouns In all the pos
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5.4 The structure of the noun phras
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5.4 The structure of the noun phras
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5.4 The structure of the noun phras
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5.4 The structure of the noun phras
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6 Adjectives and adverbs Adjectives
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6.1 Adjectives b. kha this cuwa bee
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6.1 Adjectives Table 6.1: Color ter
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6.2 Comparison, equation and degree
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6.2 Comparison, equation and degree
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6.3 Adverbs 6.3.1 Manner adverbs de
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6.3 Adverbs Table 6.4: Further temp
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6.3 Adverbs Table 6.6: Adverbs deri
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6.4 Reduplication, triplication and
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6.4 Reduplication, triplication and
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6.4 Reduplication, triplication and
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6.4 Reduplication, triplication and
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7 The geomorphic orientation system
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7.1 Introduction between the /u/-fo
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7.2 Demonstratives 7.2 Demonstrativ
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7.2 Demonstratives uphill downhill
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7.2 Demonstratives uphill downhill
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7.3 Adverbs rocks of a group of roc
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7.3 Adverbs b. ɖhakani=be basket=l
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7.3 Adverbs we=ppa=ʔlo! exist[3sg;
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7.3 Adverbs from these adverbial fo
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7.4 Postpositions Table 7.5: Geomor
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7.5 Motion verbs ‘Having met uphi
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8 Verbal inflection Table 8.1: Over
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8 Verbal inflection apparently havi
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8 Verbal inflection plays a role in
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8 Verbal inflection with augmented
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8 Verbal inflection Table 8.8: Chin
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8 Verbal inflection 8.2 Person, num
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8 Verbal inflection Table 8.11: Ind
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8 Verbal inflection sion, since it
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8 Verbal inflection Slot 5 is occup
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8 Verbal inflection The 1984 data a
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8 Verbal inflection The marker -ka
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8 Verbal inflection 1A 2A 3A 1P 2P
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8 Verbal inflection 8.4 Tense and a
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8 Verbal inflection features, and t
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8 Verbal inflection undergo elision
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8 Verbal inflection laʔlo? ctr.exc
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8 Verbal inflection agent in all sc
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8 Verbal inflection (34) a. haku fr
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8 Verbal inflection b. yapmi=ci per
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8 Verbal inflection Table 8.17: Non
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8 Verbal inflection Table 8.19: Sim
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8 Verbal inflection Table 8.21: Sim
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8 Verbal inflection 8.5.1 The subju
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8 Verbal inflection e. lem-nhaŋ-ne
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8 Verbal inflection 8.5.2 The Optat
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8 Verbal inflection imperatives, an
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8 Verbal inflection b. heʔnaŋ whe
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8 Verbal inflection Table 8.28: Per
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8 Verbal inflection (51) a. kaniŋ
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8 Verbal inflection haci, stating t
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8 Verbal inflection Table 8.30: Per
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8 Verbal inflection in =niŋ(a) (co
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9 Noun-verb predicates Table 9.1 pr
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9 Noun-verb predicates for instance
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9 Noun-verb predicates be intoxicat
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9 Noun-verb predicates 9.2.1 Subfra
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9 Noun-verb predicates In class (d)
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9 Noun-verb predicates (13) a. ka 1
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9 Noun-verb predicates Table 9.3: T
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9 Noun-verb predicates The experien
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9 Noun-verb predicates thakt-u-ci-g
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9 Noun-verb predicates b. uŋ 3sg l
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10 Complex predication variability,
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10 Complex predication Criterion (a
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10 Complex predication material is
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10 Complex predication V2s can also
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10 Complex predication Table 10.1:
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10 Complex predication (11) a. kind
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10 Complex predication b. am-di-me-
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10 Complex predication The verb so
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10 Complex predication Table 10.3:
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10 Complex predication (27) a. wand
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10 Complex predication b. a-ma 1sg.
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10 Complex predication b. cuncula C
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10 Complex predication Such predica
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10 Complex predication (46) a. u-la
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10 Complex predication b. ʈebul=be
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10 Complex predication (55) ghak al
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10 Complex predication c. umaŋache
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10 Complex predication With telic v
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10 Complex predication (68) a. heʔ
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10 Complex predication (71) a. liŋ
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11 Transitivity predicate, 2 P stan
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11 Transitivity b. nda 2sg nu-ga=na
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11 Transitivity 11.1.5 The standard
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11 Transitivity b. a-laŋ=ci 1sg.po
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11 Transitivity the ditransitive ve
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11 Transitivity b. haku now nhaŋto
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11 Transitivity (20) a. ŋ=ga 2sg.p
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11 Transitivity waeʔ=na. be[3sg;np
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11 Transitivity 11.2 Valency altern
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11 Transitivity There are border ca
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11 Transitivity b. gagri=be pot=loc
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11 Transitivity c. ka 1sg[erg] picc
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11 Transitivity (39) a. uŋ=ŋa 3sg
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11 Transitivity ablative in my reco
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11 Transitivity b. (kaniŋ) 1pl[erg
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11 Transitivity (51) a. menuka=le M
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11 Transitivity not marked for plur
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11 Transitivity Table 11.1: Antipas
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11 Transitivity lut-a-by-a=na. tell
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11 Transitivity (63) a. uŋ=ŋa 3sg
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11 Transitivity something at anothe
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11 Transitivity If the beneficiary
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11 Transitivity action is performed
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11 Transitivity (80) a. *ka 1sg[erg
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11 Transitivity one noun phrase are
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11 Transitivity (88) a. ka 1sg[erg]
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11 Transitivity (92) m-ba=ŋa 2sg.p
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12 Simple clauses As pointed out in
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12.2 Constituent order 12.2 Constit
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12.3 Illocutionary functions 12.3 I
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12.3 Illocutionary functions (11) a
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12.3 Illocutionary functions Argume
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12.3 Illocutionary functions men=na
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12.4 Flexible agreement b. ka 1sg i
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13 Nominalization and relativizatio
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13.2 Participant nominalization (S/
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13.2 Participant nominalization (S/
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13.3 The nominalizers =na and =ha ~
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13.3 The nominalizers =na and =ha ~
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13.3 The nominalizers =na and =ha ~
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13.3 The nominalizers =na and =ha ~
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13.3 The nominalizers =na and =ha ~
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13.3 The nominalizers =na and =ha ~
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13.3 The nominalizers =na and =ha ~
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13.3 The nominalizers =na and =ha ~
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13.3 The nominalizers =na and =ha ~
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13.4 Correlative clauses If the obj
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13.4 Correlative clauses Correlativ
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14 Adverbial clause linkage Table 1
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14 Adverbial clause linkage In the
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14 Adverbial clause linkage b. maŋ
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14 Adverbial clause linkage Negatin
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14 Adverbial clause linkage 14.4 In
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14 Adverbial clause linkage cog-wa.
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14 Adverbial clause linkage (23) ch
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14 Adverbial clause linkage As for
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14 Adverbial clause linkage c. a-pu
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14 Adverbial clause linkage ŋ-uŋ-
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14 Adverbial clause linkage Since c
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14 Adverbial clause linkage Example
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14 Adverbial clause linkage Purpose
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14 Adverbial clause linkage marking
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14 Adverbial clause linkage paŋ=be
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14 Adverbial clause linkage lam-me-
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14 Adverbial clause linkage 14.12 C
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14 Adverbial clause linkage n-thakt
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15 Complementation Table 15.1 provi
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15 Complementation Infinitival comp
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15 Complementation Table 15.3: Argu
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15 Complementation c. na this mamu=
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15 Complementation (10) a. nda 2sg
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15 Complementation has the role of
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15 Complementation n-leŋ-me-n=n=em
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15 Complementation referred to as t
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15 Complementation b. nna that ceŋ
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15 Complementation As for the agree
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15 Complementation Table 15.8: Comp
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15 Complementation c. khaʔniŋgo,
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15 Complementation reference, e.g.,
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15 Complementation may embed propos
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15 Complementation Another use of b
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15 Complementation cok-ma-sy-a=na d
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15 Complementation as contrastive f
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15 Complementation c. jalangaja, Ja
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16 Connectives on the text level ce
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16 Connectives on the text level 16
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17 Discourse particles and interjec
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17 Discourse particles and interjec
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17 Discourse particles and interjec
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17 Discourse particles and interjec
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17 Discourse particles and interjec
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17 Discourse particles and interjec
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17 Discourse particles and interjec
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17 Discourse particles and interjec
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17 Discourse particles and interjec
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17 Discourse particles and interjec
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17 Discourse particles and interjec
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17 Discourse particles and interjec
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Appendix
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Appendix A: Texts (5) nna that lamd
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Appendix A: Texts waghui chicken_dr
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Appendix A: Texts (30) ka 1sg tu-ŋ
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Appendix A: Texts (41) maŋcwa=le w
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Appendix A: Texts (2) canuwa Canuwa
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Appendix A: Texts (14) manhoŋ othe
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Appendix A: Texts ŋ-ga-ya-by-a-ma.
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Appendix A: Texts As they had gone
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Appendix A: Texts (47) yapmi=ci per
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Appendix A: Texts (58) uŋci-niŋwa
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Appendix A: Texts om leks-a=niŋa,
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Appendix A: Texts Saying: ‘Please
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Appendix A: Texts (90) wasik rain t
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Appendix A: Texts (6) nhaŋ and_the
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Appendix A: Texts (18) hoŋkhaʔla
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Appendix B: Yakkha kinship terms Ow
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Appendix C: Index of Yakkha formati
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marker function section meN- negati
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References Aikhenvald, Alexandra J.
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References Bickel, Balthasar. 2008.
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References Butt, Miriam. 2010. The
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References van Driem, George. 1993b
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References Gaenszle, Martin. 2002.
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References Haspelmath, Martin. 2004
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References König, Ekkehard. 1993.
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References math & Bernard Comrie (e
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References Peterson, John. 2010. A
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References Schlemmer, Grégoire. 20
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References Witzlack-Makarevich, Ale
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Name index 309, 336, 354, 366, 382,
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Name index Thurgood, Graham, 488 To
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Subject index ablative, 12, 97, 126
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Subject index emphatic particle, 38
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Subject index 160, 171, 205, 216-21
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Subject index valency alternations,
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A grammar of Yakkha This grammar pr