RESidENcy PROGRAM Scholarly and Community Medicine Projects
RESidENcy PROGRAM Scholarly and Community Medicine Projects
RESidENcy PROGRAM Scholarly and Community Medicine Projects
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Newborn Bilirubin Screening<br />
Daniel Sutton, MD<br />
PGY-3<br />
Causes of elevated bilirubin in newborns:<br />
● ↑ RBC destruction (↓ life span, ↑ Hct), ↓ albumin,<br />
low UGT activity (~1% of adult level; not to adult<br />
levels until 14 weeks), ↓ hepatic blood flow,<br />
increased enterohepatic uptake (undeveloped GI<br />
flora, slow colonic transport, bilirubin<br />
unconjugation)<br />
Jaundice<br />
● Common – 60% of term <strong>and</strong> 80% of preterm in 1 st week of<br />
life 1<br />
● Mean peak TB occurs 48-96 hours of age <strong>and</strong> is 7 to 9<br />
mg/dL<br />
● Primary neonatal jaundice resolves w/in 1 st 1-2 weeks<br />
● Significance correlates to timing<br />
● Jaundice usually spreads caudally<br />
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Bilirubin pathophysiology<br />
● Formed from breakdown of RBCs (90%) <strong>and</strong> other<br />
heme containing compounds (10%)<br />
● 2 types of bilirubin:<br />
● Unconjugated (indirect) – unmetabolized by liver,<br />
fat soluble, poorly excreted, primary form seen in<br />
neonatal jaundice<br />
● Conjugated (direct) – metabolized, water soluble,<br />
excreted in stool <strong>and</strong> urine<br />
Timing of jaundice<br />
● Early onset (day 1-2) - uncommon<br />
● Usually hemolytic (Rh, ABO, hereditary spherocytosis, G6PD<br />
deficiency)<br />
● Normal onset (days 3-10) – Very common<br />
● Breast feeding jaundice<br />
● Galactosemia<br />
● Sepsis<br />
● Late Onset (>14 days) – Common<br />
● Breast milk jaundice - common<br />
● Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia – uncommon<br />
● Inherited deficiency of UGT – very rare<br />
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