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RESidENcy PROGRAM Scholarly and Community Medicine Projects

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Newborn Bilirubin Screening<br />

Daniel Sutton, MD<br />

PGY-3<br />

Causes of elevated bilirubin in newborns:<br />

● ↑ RBC destruction (↓ life span, ↑ Hct), ↓ albumin,<br />

low UGT activity (~1% of adult level; not to adult<br />

levels until 14 weeks), ↓ hepatic blood flow,<br />

increased enterohepatic uptake (undeveloped GI<br />

flora, slow colonic transport, bilirubin<br />

unconjugation)<br />

Jaundice<br />

● Common – 60% of term <strong>and</strong> 80% of preterm in 1 st week of<br />

life 1<br />

● Mean peak TB occurs 48-96 hours of age <strong>and</strong> is 7 to 9<br />

mg/dL<br />

● Primary neonatal jaundice resolves w/in 1 st 1-2 weeks<br />

● Significance correlates to timing<br />

● Jaundice usually spreads caudally<br />

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Bilirubin pathophysiology<br />

● Formed from breakdown of RBCs (90%) <strong>and</strong> other<br />

heme containing compounds (10%)<br />

● 2 types of bilirubin:<br />

● Unconjugated (indirect) – unmetabolized by liver,<br />

fat soluble, poorly excreted, primary form seen in<br />

neonatal jaundice<br />

● Conjugated (direct) – metabolized, water soluble,<br />

excreted in stool <strong>and</strong> urine<br />

Timing of jaundice<br />

● Early onset (day 1-2) - uncommon<br />

● Usually hemolytic (Rh, ABO, hereditary spherocytosis, G6PD<br />

deficiency)<br />

● Normal onset (days 3-10) – Very common<br />

● Breast feeding jaundice<br />

● Galactosemia<br />

● Sepsis<br />

● Late Onset (>14 days) – Common<br />

● Breast milk jaundice - common<br />

● Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia – uncommon<br />

● Inherited deficiency of UGT – very rare<br />

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