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CE Magazine® is part of OtherSide<br />
Ministries © all rights reserved<br />
Founder & Chief Editor<br />
Peter Nadal<br />
Editor<br />
Pamela Kennoy<br />
Vol 5 February <strong>2022</strong> <strong>issue</strong> 2<br />
5 Hey Pete!<br />
11 CE MAGAZINE LINKS TABLET<br />
12 Biz Cards board!! Hey its free<br />
13 10 romantic ideas for<br />
Valentine’s Day at home<br />
17 Inexpensive Valentine’s Day<br />
Date Ideas<br />
26 The Legend of St. Valentine<br />
Our Writers<br />
Rodrigo Esperanza<br />
Nomar Shaw<br />
Diane G<br />
Big Poppa<br />
CE Magazine® is part of OtherSide Ministries © all rights reserved<br />
Michigan City Indiana<br />
Vol 5 February <strong>2022</strong> <strong>issue</strong> 2<br />
Front Cover: Valentine design by<br />
Peter Nadal<br />
Original Computer-Ease logo ©<br />
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Welcome to Pete’s Desk and if this is your 1 st time reading CE Magazine we welcome<br />
you aboard. We here at CE Magazine comb the internet for those great articles that<br />
remain in obscurity. We find them and bring them back to the light on<strong>ce</strong> more for you,<br />
our readers; hen<strong>ce</strong> we do your searching for you. Our virtual rack is free and if you<br />
want to read more then just click on the underline blue<br />
https://www.yumpu.com/user/CEoMC17. You can read from the rack the 2017 1 st<br />
<strong>issue</strong> to 2020 <strong>issue</strong>!<br />
This last Monday the 14 th was Valentine’s Day and CE Magazine has dedicated<br />
February <strong>issue</strong> to such a romantic day. From Rodrigo Esperanza, our romantic staff<br />
writer, to other writers who give some very romantic evening advise. On page 11 is CE<br />
MAGAZINE LINKS TABLET By Nomar Shaw and it has a treasure trove of links on<br />
valentines, take a look, I did!<br />
We are taking ads and if you are interested drop us an email at:<br />
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A Valentine painting from lil Picasso!<br />
You are here: Home / early learning / Valentine’s Day Handprint Art for Early Learners<br />
craft, early learning, holiday, Valentine's Day<br />
Valentine’s Day Handprint Art for Early Learners<br />
February 4, 2019<br />
Here’s a super simple, but super fun, early learning activity for your toddlers and<br />
preschoolers. I’ve been making these with my son sin<strong>ce</strong> birth and it’s been a fun<br />
progression watching him take on more of the project himself each time.<br />
First, you’ll need a finger painted background to use for the cut out hearts. For easy<br />
cleanup, I use washable acrylic paint sealed in a Ziploc bag. Carter likes to help me<br />
dot the paint on the card stock and then I seal it in a bag.<br />
After that, I let him get<br />
busy squishing the paint<br />
around.<br />
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Sometimes things get<br />
pretty creative.<br />
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As soon as he’s finished, I open the Ziploc bag and tear it down both sides to gently<br />
separate the card stock from the bag. You’ll want to do this before the paint is dry<br />
so that the card stock doesn’t stick to the bag and tear.<br />
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This part alone is pretty enough to hang on the refrigerator, but we cut them into<br />
hearts to complete our Valentine’s Day art.<br />
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Then we made handprint stamps using washable ink pads. You can also do this part<br />
with paint, but I prefer the look of stamps because they keep more of the fine<br />
details. Ink is also less messy.<br />
Finally, attach the cutout hearts with a glue dots so it looks like the hands are<br />
holding the heart. These make such a great keepsake and gift for parents,<br />
grandparents, or other caregivers!<br />
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If you need to grab a printable that’s ready to go, I’ve uploaded this one to my shop.<br />
Print it as many times as you need.<br />
Looking for other handprint and footprint craft ideas? Visit our family blog for<br />
many more.<br />
by Christi Fultz<br />
About Christi Fultz<br />
View all posts by Christi Fultz<br />
wife • mom • teacher • writer • tech obsessed • sometime crafter<br />
• beach lover | Empowering entrepreneurs through branding &<br />
website design<br />
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CE MAGAZINE LINKS TABLET<br />
By Nomar Shaw<br />
https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/holidays/val<br />
entines-day-ideas/<br />
https://www.history.com/topics/valentinesday/history-of-valentines-day-2<br />
https://www.npr.org/2011/02/14/133693152/thedark-origins-of-valentines-day<br />
https://www.thedatingdivas.com/100-mostromantic-valentines-date-ideas/<br />
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erworld | Feb 8, 2021 1:46 pm PST<br />
10 romantic ideas for Valentine’s Day at home<br />
February 12, 2018 — Written by Gina DeMillo Wagner<br />
Share this article<br />
This is part 1 of our 4 part #LoveWhereYouLive series. We’ve dedicated this<br />
Valentine’s season to a pla<strong>ce</strong> close to our hearts: the home.<br />
You know the saying: Home is where the heart is. So why go anywhere else for<br />
Valentine’s Day? While others scramble for dinner reservations and book expensive<br />
getaways, you can relax and enjoy a romantic night in the comfort of your own<br />
home.<br />
Here are 10 creative ways you can turn your home into a romantic sanctuary and<br />
<strong>ce</strong>lebrate your love:<br />
1. Cook a romantic dinner<br />
Most of us have a favorite dish from our favorite restaurant — the one we crave<br />
time and time again. Have you ever tried to recreate that dish at home? With a little<br />
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internet research, you can often replicate fancy restaurant meals at home. If you’re<br />
not sure where to start, try one of these restaurant-quality recipes from Taste of<br />
Home.<br />
2. Create a Spa experien<strong>ce</strong> at home<br />
Not everyone has the time or money to spend a day at a fancy spa. But you can<br />
pamper yourself and your partner by creating your own spa at home. Light some<br />
aromatherapy candles, draw a bubble bath or take turns giving each other a back<br />
massage. For do-it-yourself recipes for bath bombs, hair conditioners, mud masks<br />
and more, check out this helpful article from Babble.<br />
3. Turn your living room into a ballroom<br />
When’s the last time you and your sweetheart went dancing? Move aside the living<br />
room furniture to create some spa<strong>ce</strong>, cue up some music and dan<strong>ce</strong> the night away.<br />
You can learn traditional ballroom dan<strong>ce</strong> moves like the Tango or Salsa with online<br />
courses such as LearntoDan<strong>ce</strong>.com. Or just freestyle it with your favorite music.<br />
4. Cuddle up and watch a movie<br />
There’s no better excuse than Valentine’s Day to snuggle under a blanket and watch<br />
a romantic movie. Lifehack made a list of the 23 most romantic flicks for<br />
Valentine’s Day — and some of their choi<strong>ce</strong>s may surprise you! Or, for something<br />
more personal, you could snuggle and watch home movies or look through old<br />
photo albums.<br />
5. Surprise your partner with a backyard picnic<br />
There’s something romantic about a picnic for two. If you live in a mild climate,<br />
create a backyard picnic and stargaze with your sweetheart.<br />
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Lay out a quilt or blanket and feast on a variety of portable foods, such as these<br />
suggestions from Food Network. If the weather outside is frightful, you can host a<br />
picnic indoors by candlelight or by the firepla<strong>ce</strong>. Lay out a blanket and pillows to<br />
make it cozier.<br />
6. Channel your inner pastry chef<br />
Nothing is sweeter than preparing a fancy dessert with your partner. Elevate your<br />
baking skills with one of these heart-shaped dessert recipes from Taste of Home. Or<br />
create a simple, romantic dessert such as chocolate-dipped strawberries paired with<br />
champagne. Just dip fresh strawberries into melted chocolate (semisweet chocolate<br />
chips melted in the microwave work great) and pla<strong>ce</strong> them in the refrigerator to<br />
harden for an hour before serving.<br />
7. Play games<br />
Being playful and having fun isn’t just for children. Research shows that adults<br />
benefit from games too. They’re a sour<strong>ce</strong> of relaxation, and they build your<br />
problem-solving skills, which can help strengthen your relationship. On Valentine’s<br />
Day, dust off your favorite board games, grab a deck of cards or play a round of<br />
Truth or Dare with your partner. For more on the benefits of playing games, check<br />
out this article at Help Guide.<br />
8. Take a trip around the world — without leaving home<br />
Perhaps you’ve been dreaming about a romantic wine tour in Italy or a relaxing trip<br />
to a far-away beach. Bring those adventures right to your doorstep by organizing a<br />
themed date night at home. If Italy is your dream, you could use these tips from<br />
Tuscany Tonight to host an Italian wine tasting party. Likewise, if you’re longing<br />
for summer weather and sandy beaches, you can bring some vacation rituals into<br />
your home using ideas from Houzz.<br />
9. Create a scavenger hunt around the house<br />
Write a series of clues to guide your partner on a fun scavenger hunt around the<br />
house, leading to a surprise at the end such as a romantic meal or gift. Each clue,<br />
whether it’s a riddle or photo, should lead to the next. Pinterest offers several ideas<br />
for adult scavenger hunts and creative clues.<br />
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10. Create art together<br />
Tap into your creative side and make some artwork together as a couple. You could<br />
create a collage of photographs of each other, write a poem together or gather some<br />
paints and a canvas and paint a romantic image like these from Pinterest. No matter<br />
what you create, display it as a reminder of your love for one another.<br />
Of course, these ideas also work for date nights at home, not just on Valentine’s<br />
Day. So keep them handy year-round to <strong>ce</strong>lebrate the person you love the most in<br />
the pla<strong>ce</strong> you love the most.<br />
What romantic plans do you have to <strong>ce</strong>lebrate this day with your Valentine? Follow<br />
us on Fa<strong>ce</strong>book, Twitter or Instagram!<br />
Related articles:<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
This Valentine’s Day, #LoveWhereYouLive<br />
5 tips to show your home some love<br />
10 ways to keep your emotions in check when it’s time to sell your home<br />
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Inexpensive Valentine’s Day Date Ideas<br />
There are plenty of ways to share a romantic evening with your loved one, even on the tightest<br />
of budgets. All it takes is a little planning, a little ingenuity, and a few helpful hints.<br />
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Dining<br />
Probably the most popular Valentine’s Day date idea is a romantic dinner out. It’s<br />
easy to do on a weeknight, and any city or large town offers plenty of eateries to<br />
choose from.<br />
However, there are two big problems. The first is the cost of dining out. An analysis<br />
by meal-planning app Wellio found that even ordering takeout from a restaurant<br />
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costs about five times as much as cooking a similar meal at home. Dining at the<br />
restaurant is even more expensive because of the high markups for drinks and tips<br />
for the waitstaff.<br />
Second, even if you can spare the cash, that doesn’t mean you can get a table. In a<br />
normal year, restaurants are always crowded on Valentine’s Day, so getting a<br />
dinner reservation is a challenge, particularly on short noti<strong>ce</strong>. And this year, many<br />
restaurants are either closed or redu<strong>ce</strong>d to a fraction of their typical capacity.<br />
Still, that doesn’t mean your only alternative is switching from the romantic bistro<br />
to McDonald’s. There are several ways to save money on dining out for Valentine’s<br />
Day — or dine in and save still more.<br />
1. Go Out Earlier<br />
One alternative to a pri<strong>ce</strong>y dinner date is to go out for a less expensive breakfast or<br />
lunch. After all, the point of a date is the time you spend together as a couple, not<br />
what you eat. And at many restaurants, the lunch special costs as little as half the<br />
pri<strong>ce</strong> of a dinner dish.<br />
Done right, a breakfast or lunch date can be just as romantic as dinner. For instan<strong>ce</strong>,<br />
you can meet for breakfast at a coffeehouse where the barista serves up cappuccino<br />
with heart-shaped froth. Start your day off right by lingering over coffee, pastries,<br />
and conversation, and send each other off to work with a long goodbye kiss.<br />
For a lunch date, meet at the restaurant with a single rose in a vase for the table.<br />
Decide together on your two favorite entrees from the menu, order both, and share.<br />
You might even be able to get away with a little footsie under the table.<br />
2. Just Have Drinks or Dessert<br />
If you can’t get away from work during the day — or if you want to make sure your<br />
date lasts all night — go out only for cocktails, either before or after dining in.<br />
Many restaurants are happy to seat you and your date at the bar, particularly if you<br />
show up later in the evening — after 9pm or so. Sitting at the bar can also help you<br />
get a seat at a popular restaurant that’s otherwise completely booked.<br />
Alternatively, dine at home and go out just for dessert. A dessert and a cup of coffee<br />
at a fancy restaurant won’t set you back as much as a dinner, and you can soak up<br />
just as much of the elegant atmosphere. Or you can go to a pla<strong>ce</strong> that serves only<br />
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desserts, such as a coffeehouse or i<strong>ce</strong> cream parlor, and enjoy a delicious treat for<br />
even less.<br />
As a bonus, a dessert-only date is likely to put you both in a more romantic mood.<br />
A 2014 study published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships found<br />
that people who have just eaten something sweet tend to have more positive<br />
feelings about their relationships.<br />
3. Bring Your Own Bottle<br />
If you want the experien<strong>ce</strong> of dining out on Valentine’s Day, don’t pay more than<br />
you need to for drinks with your dinner. According to Web Restaurant Store,<br />
restaurants typically charge four to five times as much for a glass of wine as they<br />
paid for it. The markup on cocktails is even higher — more than seven times the<br />
cost of the liquor. All told, one to two drinks with your meal can easily double your<br />
total bill.<br />
To enjoy a good wine for less, search online for BYOB (bring your own bottle)<br />
restaurants in your area. Restaurants typically charge a “pour fee” or “corkage fee”<br />
for providing the glasses and offering pour servi<strong>ce</strong>. Before making a reservation,<br />
check to see how much they charge. In most cases, even with the fee, you pay less<br />
for the wine than you would buying it by the glass.<br />
4. Cook It Yourself<br />
A DIY dinner at home can be just as romantic as a restaurant meal. In some ways,<br />
it’s even better. You have complete control over the menu and atmosphere, from the<br />
background music to the flowers on the table. And you don’t have to stress over<br />
details that could ruin the mood, like lost reservations, overworked waiters — or, in<br />
current times, the risk of infection in a crowded pla<strong>ce</strong>.<br />
Even a pri<strong>ce</strong>y dinner, like steak or seafood, is much cheaper if you cook it yourself.<br />
However, these expensive dishes aren’t your only options for a romantic meal.<br />
Websites like AllRecipes, Epicurious, and Food Network offer a wide range of<br />
recipes to impress your partner on a budget, from chicken to pasta to quiche. You<br />
can even make your own romantic Valentine’s Day desserts to top things off.<br />
If you don’t have that much confiden<strong>ce</strong> in your cooking skills, you can still show<br />
your partner some love with a romantic dinner for two. Just put together a<br />
charcuterie platter with store-bought delicacies like cured meats, sausage, pate,<br />
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cheese, bread, olive oil, and delightful nibbles like nuts and dried fruit. All you need<br />
is a bottle of wine, some candles, and a playlist of your favorite love songs to<br />
complete the intimate atmosphere.<br />
Stepping Out<br />
Going out for a meal isn’t the only way to <strong>ce</strong>lebrate Valentine’s Day. You can also<br />
bond with your significant other at a movie or con<strong>ce</strong>rt or go out for a night on the<br />
town. However, theaters and stadiums are largely closed right now — and they’re<br />
expensive even at the best of times.<br />
To get around these problems, you need to get creative. With a little effort, you can<br />
plan a unique and fun date that’s just as romantic, even on a shoestring budget.<br />
5. Check Local Listings<br />
Many performan<strong>ce</strong> venues have found ways to continue holding events during the<br />
pandemic. They’ve held drive-in con<strong>ce</strong>rts, livestreaming shows, and socially<br />
distan<strong>ce</strong>d outdoor performan<strong>ce</strong>s with the audien<strong>ce</strong> wearing fa<strong>ce</strong> masks. These<br />
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adapted events aren’t the same as being in the theater, but they’re a chan<strong>ce</strong> to see<br />
live performan<strong>ce</strong>s — often for less than you’d usually pay for theater or con<strong>ce</strong>rt<br />
tickets.<br />
You can find entertainment in your area — both live and virtual — by checking<br />
your local calendar of events. If you live in or near a college town, you might find<br />
streamed or outdoor student productions and performan<strong>ce</strong>s. You could also catch a<br />
free or low-cost exhibit or performan<strong>ce</strong> at a local museum, a play reading hosted by<br />
your public library, or a drive-in show at a cultural <strong>ce</strong>nter.<br />
Pro tip: If tickets to a show are no longer available, check out StubHub on the day<br />
of the event. Tickets frequently drop in pri<strong>ce</strong> the closer you get to the event date.<br />
6. Have a Shopping Date<br />
To turn a mundane activity into a romantic date, go shopping together for<br />
Valentine’s Day. Pick an inexpensive store you both like to visit, such as a used<br />
bookstore, dollar store, or even gro<strong>ce</strong>ry store. Browse your way along the shelves<br />
together, looking at unusual or appealing items. Even if you don’t buy anything,<br />
you can have fun looking — and if you do find something you like, you won’t have<br />
to pay too much for it.<br />
You can also combine this activity with gift shopping. Instead of buying<br />
Valentine’s Day gifts for each other, make hunting for them a part of your shopping<br />
excursion. You can cruise down the aisles together and treat your partner to<br />
anything they happen to admire or split up and try to find the best gift for your<br />
sweetheart within a set time limit. Then meet up back at the cash register, pay for<br />
your purchases, and formally present them to each other.<br />
7. Go for a Walk<br />
In many parts of the country, February isn’t the best time for a romantic walk<br />
outdoors. However, if the weather is ni<strong>ce</strong> enough, you can enjoy strolling hand in<br />
hand through your favorite setting, whether that’s the woods, the beach, or the city<br />
streets. Or if you both have bicycles, you can enjoy a leisurely bike ride through a<br />
pretty area.<br />
Even if it’s cold and snowy where you live, that doesn’t ne<strong>ce</strong>ssarily have to spoil<br />
your outdoor fun. You can bundle up and turn your walk into a winter activity, such<br />
as snowshoeing, cross-country skiing, or i<strong>ce</strong> skating. You could even build a<br />
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snowman together as a fun way to revisit your childhood. Then head back home to<br />
chase away the chill by snuggling up together under a blanket and sipping hot<br />
chocolate with marshmallows.<br />
Staying In<br />
Sometimes, staying in on Valentine’s Day is more romantic than going out. Instead<br />
of coming home from work and hurrying to get dressed and head back out again,<br />
you can just settle in for a romantic date night at home. On a cold February day, a<br />
night at home is a lot more cozy and companionable than a night on the town. And<br />
it lets you devote all your attention to each other.<br />
8. Watch a Movie<br />
Unfortunately, going to the movies isn’t possible in many areas right now — and<br />
it’s not such a budget-friendly date anywhere these days. However, staying in and<br />
renting a movie through Redbox, watching one on a streaming servi<strong>ce</strong> like Netflix<br />
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or Disney+, or checking one out at your local library is still cheap or even free. Pair<br />
it by ordering takeout through DoorDash from your favorite restaurant.<br />
In many ways, watching a movie in your living room is much more romantic than<br />
going to the theater. You can choose any movie you like — an Oscar winner you’ve<br />
always wanted to see or an old favorite that holds sentimental memories for the two<br />
of you, like the one you saw on your first date. Instead of paying a fortune at the<br />
con<strong>ce</strong>ssion stand, you can enjoy your favorite snacks, sip hot chocolate, or pop<br />
open a bottle of wine. And you don’t have to listen to some jerk behind you yakking<br />
on a <strong>ce</strong>llphone throughout the movie.<br />
Best of all, instead of sitting in theater seats with an armrest between them, you can<br />
snuggle on a cozy couch. And if you want to stop the film and go to bed early, the<br />
rest of it will still be there for you the next day.<br />
9. Play Games<br />
Playing card games or board games together is an inexpensive way to spend an<br />
evening in. If you and your sweetie are already board game fans, you can spend the<br />
evening playing one of your old favorites or trying out a new game that’s been on<br />
your list for a while.<br />
If you’re both new to the world of tabletop gaming, check out lists of the most<br />
enjoyable games for two players. If you don’t have any of the suggested games in<br />
your collection, head out to a local store like Target or Barnes & Noble — or if you<br />
have time, browse the adult-friendly game section on Amazon — and pick up a<br />
game that appeals to you. Or just grab a deck of cards and look up the rules for twoplayer<br />
card games on Pagat.com.<br />
If you want to give your game night a spicy twist, choose a game with a naughty<br />
component, like strip poker or dirty-word Scrabble. Or you could invest in a<br />
romantic game designed specifically for couples, such as Talk Flirt Dare or Truth or<br />
Dare. Games like these are an alluring segue into more private romantic activities<br />
later in the evening.<br />
10. You Know What<br />
Talking of private activities, when Luvze asked men what they really wanted for<br />
Valentine’s Day, the No. 1 answer was sex. And while it wasn’t the top answer,<br />
almost 50% of women said the same thing in a New York Post survey.<br />
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So if you’ve wanted to try something a little adventurous in the bedroom,<br />
Valentine’s Day is the perfect day to do it.<br />
One ni<strong>ce</strong> thing about this activity is that it doesn’t have to cost a penny. However, if<br />
you have a little cash to spare, there are all kinds of things you can buy to make<br />
your evening extra spicy, from lube to lingerie.<br />
A week or so before Valentine’s Day, casually ask your partner if there’s any kind<br />
of intimate toy or activity they’d like to try. Then pick up the ne<strong>ce</strong>ssary goodies and<br />
give your sweetie a very special Valentine’s Day surprise.<br />
Final Word<br />
There’s a lot of cultural pressure surrounding Valentine’s Day. For weeks leading<br />
up to the holiday, store displays and ads send the persistent message that the only<br />
way to make your sweetheart feel special on this day is to spend a wad of cash. It’s<br />
easy to feel like anything short of a 4-star extravaganza is just letting your partner<br />
down.<br />
Remember, though, Valentine’s Day is only one day out of the year. There’s no<br />
point in blowing your budget and racking up debt to make this one night special if it<br />
means sabotaging your whole financial future.<br />
Saving your money to build a stable future with your partner — whether that means<br />
planning a wedding, starting a family, buying a home, or retiring in comfort to<br />
enjoy your golden years together — is a much better way to show your love.<br />
Are you looking for a physical gift to go with your romantic date? Check out our<br />
suggestions for Valentine’s Day gifts for him and her.<br />
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The Legend of St. Valentine<br />
From The staff of CE Magazine<br />
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Saint Valentine, who according to some sour<strong>ce</strong>s is actually two distinct historical characters<br />
who were said to have healed a child while imprisoned and executed by decapitation.<br />
Fototeca Gilardi/Getty Images<br />
The history of Valentine’s Day—and the story of its patron saint—is<br />
shrouded in mystery. We do know that February has long been <strong>ce</strong>lebrated<br />
as a month of roman<strong>ce</strong>, and that St. Valentine’s Day, as we know it today,<br />
contains vestiges of both Christian and ancient Roman tradition. But who<br />
was Saint Valentine, and how did he become associated with this ancient<br />
rite?<br />
READ MORE: Who Was the Real St. Valentine?<br />
The Catholic Church recognizes at least three different saints named<br />
Valentine or Valentinus, all of whom were martyred. One legend contends<br />
that Valentine was a priest who served during the third <strong>ce</strong>ntury in Rome.<br />
When Emperor Claudius II decided that single men made better soldiers<br />
than those with wives and families, he outlawed marriage for young men.<br />
26
Valentine, realizing the injusti<strong>ce</strong> of the decree, defied Claudius and<br />
continued to perform marriages for young lovers in secret. When<br />
Valentine’s actions were discovered, Claudius ordered that he be put to<br />
death. Still others insist that it was Saint Valentine of Terni, a bishop, who<br />
was the true namesake of the holiday. He, too, was beheaded by Claudius<br />
II outside Rome.<br />
Other stories suggest that Valentine may have been killed for attempting<br />
to help Christians escape harsh Roman prisons, where they were often<br />
beaten and tortured. According to one legend, an imprisoned Valentine<br />
actually sent the first “valentine” greeting himself after he fell in love with<br />
a young girl—possibly his jailor’s daughter—who visited him during his<br />
confinement. Before his death, it is alleged that he wrote her a letter<br />
signed “From your Valentine,” an expression that is still in use today.<br />
Although the truth behind the Valentine legends is murky, the stories all<br />
emphasize his appeal as a sympathetic, heroic and—most importantly—<br />
romantic figure. By the Middle Ages, perhaps thanks to this reputation,<br />
Valentine would become one of the most popular saints in England and<br />
Fran<strong>ce</strong>.<br />
Origins of Valentine’s Day: A Pagan Festival in February<br />
February to commemorate the anniversary of Valentine’s death or<br />
burial—which probably occurred around A.D. 270—others claim that the<br />
Christian church may have decided to pla<strong>ce</strong> St. Valentine’s feast day in<br />
the middle of February in an effort to “Christianize” the pagan <strong>ce</strong>lebration<br />
of Lupercalia. Celebrated at the ides of February, or February 15,<br />
Lupercalia was a fertility festival dedicated to Faunus, the Roman god of<br />
agriculture, as well as to the Roman founders Romulus and Remus.<br />
READ MORE: 6 Surprising Facts About St. Valentine<br />
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To begin the festival, members of the Luperci, an order of Roman priests,<br />
would gather at a sacred cave where the infants Romulus and Remus, the<br />
founders of Rome, were believed to have been cared for by a she-wolf or<br />
lupa. The priests would sacrifi<strong>ce</strong> a goat, for fertility, and a dog, for<br />
purification. They would then strip the goat’s hide into strips, dip them<br />
into the sacrificial blood and take to the streets, gently slapping both<br />
women and crop fields with the goat hide. Far from being fearful, Roman<br />
women welcomed the touch of the hides because it was believed to make<br />
them more fertile in the coming year. Later in the day, according to<br />
legend, all the young women in the city would pla<strong>ce</strong> their names in a big<br />
urn. The city’s bachelors would each choose a name and become paired<br />
for the year with his chosen woman. These matches often ended in<br />
marriage.<br />
Valentine’s Day: A Day of Roman<strong>ce</strong><br />
A Victorian valentine depicting cupids. K.J. Historical/Corbis/Getty Images<br />
Lupercalia survived the initial rise of Christianity but was outlawed—as it<br />
was deemed “un-Christian”—at the end of the 5th <strong>ce</strong>ntury, when Pope<br />
Gelasius declared February 14 St. Valentine’s Day. It was not until much<br />
later, however, that the day became definitively associated with love.<br />
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During the Middle Ages, it was commonly believed in Fran<strong>ce</strong> and<br />
England that February 14 was the beginning of birds’ mating season,<br />
which added to the idea that the middle of Valentine’s Day should be a<br />
day for roman<strong>ce</strong>. The English poet Geoffrey Chau<strong>ce</strong>r was the first to<br />
record St. Valentine’s Day as a day of romantic <strong>ce</strong>lebration in his 1375<br />
poem “Parliament of Foules,” writing, ““For this was sent on Seynt<br />
Valentyne’s day / Whan every foul cometh ther to choose his mate.”<br />
Valentine greetings were popular as far back as the Middle Ages, though<br />
written Valentine’s didn’t begin to appear until after 1400. The oldest<br />
known valentine still in existen<strong>ce</strong> today was a poem written in 1415 by<br />
Charles, Duke of Orleans, to his wife while he was imprisoned in the<br />
Tower of London following his capture at the Battle of Agincourt. (The<br />
greeting is now part of the manuscript collection of the British Library in<br />
London, England.) Several years later, it is believed that King Henry V<br />
hired a writer named John Lydgate to compose a valentine note to<br />
Catherine of Valois.<br />
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