Senior Design Expo 2023

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Applied Physics & Applied Mathematics Influence of Recycled Silicates on the Hydration of Cement Paste Liam Hayes, Diandian Zhao, Jonah Williams, Alissa Park, Shiho Kawashima In the 21st century, concrete is the second most used substance behind water, accounting for over 8% of global CO2 output. The current construction paradigm relies on non-renewable resources like industrial grade sand, and rarely aims to achieve an end-product use-life of more than a half-century. Current concrete recycling techniques consist of crushing to make large aggregates, which has limited use in construction projects. With concrete usage increasing at an unprecedented rate and 20th century structures reaching the end of their use-lives, novel recycling processes are needed to limit the impact of construction projects and prevent the buildup of demolition waste in landfills. Columbia’s Park Group Lab has made advances in developing a carbonnegative process to convert concrete waste into calcium carbonate powders which can used to make cement paste ex novo. Their process yields two main amorphous silica-containing powders. Cement paste and mortar samples were prepared using these silicate powders as pozzolanic additives to investigate the viability of these materials for novel concrete mixtures. Ordinary Portland Cement was mixed with the two powders and with industrial silica fume powder in a 1:9 ratio by weight. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and isothermal calorimetry were used to determine the time-evolution of the chemical reactions in the resulting cement pastes, while uniaxial compression testing was used to determine the strength evolution of small mortar samples prepared with the different cement mixes. Cement and mortar powders were mixed with water in a 1:4 ratio by weight and mixed for two minutes using a hand mixer and left to cure in air for 1 day before being submerged in distilled water to cure for up to 28 days. Samples were tested via TGA and compression at four different stages of curing: 1, 3, 7, and 28 days. The data collected since September 2022 has validated further experimentation investigating the detailed microstructural and chemical evolution of these materials and has supported the case that the Park Lab’s novel recycling process can help the construction industry move towards a circular material economy and provide civil engineers with new useful materials with reduced environmental impacts. 5
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