Fishing Vessel Monitoring Systems: Past, Present and Future

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VMS: Past, Present and Future 38 centralized organization would provide a clearinghouse for queries on vessels, distributing the queries to all members and channelling the responses back to the originator of the query. Star (centralized) network • One country takes central role in date switching and routeing Country 2 3 Country 1 Illustration 6.1 and 6.2: two network structures for regional cooperation 4 Decentralized network • Each country maintains independence 2 Country 1 Public data network 3 4 n n 5
VMS: Past, Present and Future 39 6.4 Networking solutions Were there no central organization, the most logical solution would be to serve the needs of data distribution by implementing a wide-area network consisting of data gathering systems operated by regional fisheries organizations. This approach would require a higher degree of technical co-operation than the more centralized architecture in that it would require communication between an inevitably broad range of information technology installations, each developed according to an individual functional and technical specification. On a functional basis, the overall network would consist of a series of connections between regional organizations. For security reasons, it is likely that data access would be handled on a query clearinghouse basis, rather than by direct access. In an operational scenario, a coastal state requiring data on a given vessel would address a request to its own regional fisheries organization. That organization would respond with any data it already held on the vessel and address the request to all of the other organizations that made up the network. These entities would, in turn, address their data to the original regional organization, which would forward the responses to their member. The very complexity of such an operation underlines the fact that the only advantage of such an implementation, in fact, would be political: there would be no need to reach international agreement on a single entity for world-wide data storage and distribution. Were it possible to reach such agreement, however, the overall effort would benefit from simpler, more reliable operations and lower operating costs. 6.5 Nascent international cooperation Encouragingly, there is already some concrete indication of desire and willingness to share data on IUU vessels at the international level. Perhaps the most active organization at the moment is the North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission, based in London, that maintains two list of vessels known, or suspected of IUU activity. When one of its contracting parties reports a vessel as likely IUU, it is entered into NEAFC’s “A list”. This puts the vessel operators on notice of the suspicions and gives them an opportunity to clear it. One year later, assuming that the vessel remains suspect, it moves to NEAFC’s “B-list” where it remains “permanently”, or at least until a decision is made, by the NEAFC annual assembly, to remove it. The identities of vessels entered on both lists are available to the public on the NEAFC website.
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