Fishing Vessel Monitoring Systems: Past, Present and Future

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VMS: Past, Present and Future 42 6.7.1 Data formats Under a protocol agreed by the European Commission, Norway, Iceland, the Faeroe Islands and two regional fisheries organizations (NAFO and NEAFC) a data exchange format, subsequently baptized the “North Atlantic Format” (NAF) was devised to define data fields sent when the vessel of one of the flag states was operating in the waters of a different coastal state. The NAF has had a certain success and benefits from the support of a number of partisans amongst the countries that use it. Nonetheless, within the framework of the European Union’s SHEEL (Secure and Harmonized European Electronic Logbook), which was instituted to explore the possibility of transmitting and sharing fishing vessel operational and catch data in real time, found that the NAF lacked flexibility for its purposes, principally due to the complexity of catch data compared to simple position data. For this reason the SHEEL partners settled upon a format based upon Extensible Markup Language (XML), which permits greater use of hierarchal relationships between data sets. SHEEL’s implementation of XML does, however, bear a marked resemblance to the original NAF. These two approaches would give any programme designed to facilitate the sharing of fisheries data a clear head start. 6.7.2 Transmission media The issues of security and the means of sending the data are closely linked. Though the European Union, until now, has used the high-security X.25 system for data transfer, there are several reasons it is unlikely that this would be adopted on a broader, international basis. The X.25 system, long favored by banks and financial institutions, is unlikely to remain in operation for very many more years, as its traditional users migrate to other, less expensive, means of communication. Indeed, it is difficult to imagine that, in the present context, that a scheme to share VMS data with entities around the world would use something other than the Internet as the transmission medium. This choice, whilst logical for its availability and low-cost, nonetheless puts the onus of security on the users rather than on the operator of the network. To specify an exact security approach for such a system is, of necessity, outside the scope of this study as there are too many undefined variables (e.g. number of participants, characteristics of each host system, volumes of data, frequency of requests, etc.).
VMS: Past, Present and Future 43 Nonetheless, as a very minimum it would be only prudent to orient the security specification around an active user identification protocol where, for example, data is only transferred outwards at the initiative of the server in which the data is stored. A passive identifications system, such as one based solely on identification by password, is unlikely to provide a sufficient standard of data security.
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