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Rockpooling Rockpools can last only a few hours but within each one, you can find a multitude of interesting creatures, all waiting for the tide to return Beadlet anemone A common sea anemone found on rocky shores around all coasts of the British Isles, the beadlet anemone displays up to 192 tentacles, all arranged in six circles. They use these tentacles to sting and catch passing prey like crabs, shrimp and small fish. When the water recedes, the anemone retracts these tentacles and the anemone ends up looking like a red or orange blob, around two inches wide. They can be spotted all year round in rockpools and along the rocky shore. Green shore crab Commonly found around the UK, the green shore crab is usually green in colour but can sometimes be orange or red-ish in colour. If you spot one with an orange blob on its stomach, it'll be a female carrying its fertilised eggs for safekeeping. You can also recognise the green shore crab by the fact that it has five upturned spikes on each side of its upper shell and three rounded lobes between its eyes. Bladderwrack This type of seaweed is found on the coasts of the North Sea, the western Baltic Sea and the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It was the original source of iodine, discovered in 1811, and was used extensively to treat swelling of the thyroid glands related to iodine deficiency. It is especially common on sheltered shores. Dog whelk They may look pretty but dog whelks are predatory sea snails. Wave action tends to confine this carnivorous marine gastropod to more sheltered shores. To feed, it uses a modified tooth to bore holes in the shells of prey. An organ on its foot secretes a shell-softening chemical, which it releases into the hole, paralysing the shell's contents, which it then sucks out. Common periwinkle This small, edible sea snail looks similar to its land-based cousin but primarily feeds on algae on rocky ledges. Also known as winkles, they have been an important food source for humans with evidence of this happening in Scotland dating back to 7,500 BC. They are commonly harvested in baskets at low tide, and its meat is high in protein, omega-3 fatty acids and low in fat. They are considered a delicacy in African and Asian cuisines. 12
outdoors Common goby The common goby can be found along most of the UK's coastline; in fact, it can be found anywhere from the Baltic Sea to the western Mediterranean. You'll find these little fish in estuaries, saltmarshes, along the coastline and in intertidal pools. They do prefer open water areas that are muddy or sandy, but can often be found in dense vegetation. Because of their colour, they can often blend in with the mud or sand beneath them. They grow to about 6cm long and you can distinguish them from other species by the fact that its nape and throat are completely scaleless. They have large eyes that are positioned on the sides of their heads. Common starfish The common starfish has five arms and usually grows to between 10– 30cm across. It is dioecious, meaning that each individual is either male or female. In the spring, the females release their eggs into the sea. A moderate sized starfish is estimated to be able to produce 2.5 million eggs. They eat by opening up shellfish, inserting a part of their stomach into the shellfish, digesting its contents, and then returning its stomach back to its body. They can live for up to seven or eight years. Common limpet These small cone-like structures clamp onto the rocks and wait for the tide to return. When it does, they release themselves and get on the move, eating algae with their tongue - the world’s strongest known biological structure - as it needs to constantly scrape algae from the tough rocks. Its tongue contains hundred of rows of sharp teeth that are known to be stronger than steel. Brown shrimp Also known as the common shrimp, this crustacean can be found on all coastlines in the UK. often lurking in estuaries and shallow waters. Adults typically measure 1-2 inches long, with large antennae They can also change colour to better match their surroundings using special cells called chromatophores. Usually brown to blend in with the sand, if they are threatened by predators, they bury themselves in the sand. During the day, they remain buried in the sand to escape predatory birds and fish, with only their antennae protruding. 13
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