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Roman Wales South Wales was a great source of mineral wealth and when the Romans landed here in 48AD, they made themselves at home Cardiff Cardiff Roman Fort was a significant military installation established by the Romans in the 1st century AD. Located in present-day Cardiff, it played a crucial role in protecting the Roman frontier and controlling the local tribes. The fort covered an expansive area and housed soldiers and their families. Excavations have revealed impressive structures such as barracks, granaries, and a commanding officer's house. The fort's strategic position along the River Taff and its proximity to important trade routes made it an essential hub for Roman influence. Cardiff Castle today stands on this Roman fort that was begun in AD55. 36 Caerleon Established in the 1st century AD, Isca Augusta served as a major Roman fortress and regional administrative hub. It was one of only three permanent fortresses in Roman Britain, the others being in York and Chester. The remains on view at Caerleon provide visitors with a vivid picture of life in secondcentury Roman Britain. The site includes the most complete amphitheatre in Britain, fortress baths, and the only remains of a Roman Legionary Barracks on view anywhere in Europe. The remains of a Roman harbour were also uncovered in Caerleon in August 2011. Neath The remains of a 1st century Roman auxiliary fort known as Nidum stands on the west bank of the River Neath. The remains of two gateways can also be seen, as well as the line of a rampart wall. It is estimated that the fort could hold up to 1,000 men and horses and was likely built during the first phase of Roman advance into Wales. The fort was most likely abandoned not long after it had been built and a large number of artefacts have been found over recent years. The remains of the southwestern gateway is preserved behind railings beside the Neath Abbey Road, and the southeastern gateway is situated at the corner of Roman Way beside the railway embankment. Image: Cedwyn Davies
outdoors Penydarren Built in the late 1st century AD, Penydarren Roman Fort served as a crucial defensive outpost along the Roman road connecting Cardiff to Brecon. The fort protected the nearby ironworks, which played a vital role in the production of iron for the Roman Empire. Excavations at Penydarren have revealed the remains of stone buildings, granaries, and a commanding officer's house. The fort's strategic location and its association with the iron industry highlight its economic and military importance. Image: Jaggery Barry Situated at the Knap, overlooking the Bristol Channel, the monument consists of the remains of a Roman rectangular courtyard building dating to the 2nd or 3rd centuries AD. Excavated in 1980-81 by the Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust, the interior was found to have a cobbled floor, on which was a thick layer of debris containing building stones and Roman tiles. Caerwent Established in about 75–80 AD, Caerwent served as a settlement of the Silures, a native tribe who became Romanised following the conquest of Britain. The site was a busy one, complete with public baths, all spread out in a typically well-ordered Roman grid. Known as Venta Silurium, this Roman town that was created for the Silures by the Romans, stretches to 44 acres, much of it enclosed within 2nd century walls. Large sections of the Roman town walls are still in place, rising up to 16ft high in places. Excavated houses, forum-basilica and a Romano- British temple also remain. At its height, the town would have been home to 3,000 inhabitants and there is no evidence that there was any military present on the site. Image: Chris Andrews Loughor The Roman Auxiliary Fort was built around 75 AD to guard the lowest crossing of the River Loughor. Its location provided good visibility across the region and enabled it to support the Roman naval units that were operating in the Bristol Channel. The site wasn't fully recognised as a Roman garrison fort until as late as 1969. Its Roman name was Letocetum, taken from the Celtic name for the River Loughor. In translation, it read as 'shining water'. Gelligaer The fort at Gelligaer occupies a position on a long broad ridge between the Taff and Rhymney valleys. At the time, it would have commanded an extensive view of the woodlands that existed then. It was one of a line of forts that existed between Brecon and Cardiff and although no masonry is visible today, the defences can still be seen as a broad bank. The site is listed as a scheduled ancient monument and was first excavated in 1894. Llanwern Recent excavations at a site in Llanwern uncovered a Roman complex that included several stone-founded Roman buildings, terraced into the hillside. Many finds were recovered during the excavation, including Roman pottery, animal bone, ceramic building material, tiles, brooches, and coins. A large number of spring heads were discovered and a well-made Roman road leads up the slope from the valley floor to the site. The buildings appears to date from the 2nd to the 4th centuries AD. Image: Philip Halling Image: Jeremy Bolwell 37
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