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Overview Organoids<br />
Table 1. Comparison of Cell Culture Factors for Cell Growth and Exosome Studies. Adapted from<br />
Liau et al, Int J Mol Sci, 2021<br />
Factors FBS hPL Defined Media EXO Free Media<br />
Pros<br />
Abundant and<br />
accessible<br />
Easy to produce<br />
Well-defined<br />
components<br />
Exosome-depleted and ideal for<br />
isolation<br />
Suitable for most cells Suitable for most cells No batch-to-batch<br />
variation<br />
No batch-to-batch variation<br />
Supports cell survival<br />
and proliferation<br />
Supports cell survival<br />
and proliferation<br />
No risk of xenogeneic/<br />
allogeneic protein<br />
contamination<br />
No risk of xenogeneic/allogeneic<br />
protein contamination<br />
Widely used in studies<br />
and publications<br />
No risk of xenogenic<br />
immune reaction; can<br />
be produced using<br />
autologous blood<br />
No unintended<br />
interaction with test<br />
substances<br />
No unintended interaction with test<br />
substances<br />
Cons<br />
Components are illdefined<br />
Components are illdefined<br />
Not available for<br />
certain cells<br />
Not available for certain cells<br />
Batch-to-batch<br />
variation<br />
Batch-to-batch<br />
variation (reduced by<br />
pooling)<br />
Some media require<br />
extra coating for cell<br />
attachment<br />
Some media require extra coating<br />
for cell attachment<br />
Potential<br />
contamination (prions,<br />
mycoplasma, bacteria,<br />
fungi)<br />
Unintended interaction<br />
with test substances<br />
More expensive<br />
compared to<br />
alternatives<br />
More expensive compared to<br />
alternatives<br />
Risk of animal protein<br />
contamination in<br />
clinical usage<br />
Few distributors<br />
Time-consuming and<br />
difficult to develop<br />
Time-consuming and difficult to<br />
develop<br />
Unintended interaction<br />
with test substances<br />
Potential allogenic<br />
immune response<br />
Higher particle count<br />
and presence of<br />
exosomes<br />
Ethical concerns with<br />
animal welfare<br />
Risk of transmitting<br />
human viruses<br />
Multitude of exosomes<br />
not suitable for<br />
isolation or studies<br />
Multitude of exosomes<br />
not suitable for<br />
isolation or studies<br />
3
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