Frontline Pakistan : The Struggle With Militant Islam - Arz-e-Pak

10 Frontline Pakistan
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The Durand line is a controversial 2,640-kilometre (1,610 miles) border
between Afghanistan and Pakistan. Named after Sir Mortimer Durand,
Foreign Secretary in the British Indian government, the border was
demarcated after an agreement between the representatives of Afghan
government and the British Empire in 1893. The border was intentionally
drawn to cut through those tribes that the British feared. In 1947,
Afghanistan’s Loya jirga (grand assembly) declared the agreement
invalid, and since then the issue has remained a major cause of tension
between the two countries. Today the line is often referred as one ‘drawn
on water’, symbolizing the porous nature of the border.
Rizwan Hussain, Pakistan and the Emergence of Islamic Militancy in
Afghanistan (London: Ashgate Publishing), p. 53.
The Pashtun nationalists led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan demanded
political autonomy for Pakistan’s North West Frontier Province and its
renaming as ‘Pashtunistan’. The movement, backed by Afghanistan,
was very strong in the 1950s and 1960s, but petered out after the Soviet
invasion of neighbouring Afghanistan.
See Chapter Ten.
‘The new frontier’, Newsline, April 2004.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
In The Times.
Musharraf’s interview with CNN.
Lawrence Wright, ‘The man behind bin Laden’, New Yorker, 16 September
2002.
Ibid.
Ibid,
Ibid.
‘All quiet on the north western front’, Newsline, May 2004.
Ibid.
‘Night raid kills Nek and four other militants’, Daily Dawn, 19 June 2004.
‘Troubled frontier’, Newsline, July 2004.
‘Militants were paid to repay al Qaeda debt’, Daily Dawn, 9 February
2005.
ChaPter nine
‘Nuclear experts may have links with al Qaeda’, New York Times, 9
December 2001.
‘Pakistani atom experts held amid fears of leaked secrets’, New York
Times, 1 November 2001.