final evaluation report akk_iges_final.pdf - IGES EnviroScope

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APFED Project Final Evaluation Report 2011 I. Introduction The Char lands of Faridpur district constitute some of the severe flood prone areas in Bangladesh. The people of this area are affected by different disasters like as floods, droughts, river erosion, cyclone etc. Flood is recurring phenomenon in this region of Bangladesh. Both severe and moderate floods affect inhabitants in this area. In this district, the frequency of sever cyclones is not a concern when compared to the floods and droughts. This district is surrounded by the river Padma and the inhabitants live 10-12 km away from the ‘main land’. The mobility of these communities is very much restricted to foot, horse carts and boats during floods. There are no hospitals, clinics, and secondary schools. There are very few primary schools and government services are almost nonexistent in these areas. The communities in most of this district have to come to the main land by crossing the river and walking 10-12 miles on foot for receiving government services such as medical care and education. The char inhabitants are under privileged, hardcore poor, marginal farmers, socially neglected and oppressed. The char inhabitants are deprived of their basic rights too. These factors contribute to their high risk to natural disasters. In addition to the above conditions, the global climate change has brought a new dimension to the development of these vulnerable communities and the district. The climate change is known to exacerbate some of the natural disasters by either increasing their frequency or by increasing the intensity of natural disasters. Under these circumstances, it is important to understand and resolve their risks to climate variability and change. With this context in view, the New Climate Change Risk Management Project was implemented in some of the most vulnerable areas of Faridpur District in Bangladesh to increase community resilience to climate change related impacts. Faridpur has an average maximum temperature of 35.8°C, an average minimum temperature of 12.6°C, and an annual rainfall of 1546 mm. Observations made in the available literature revealed that significant deviation of monthly rainfall from one decade to the other has occurred. From the decadal trends in the rainfall variability in Bangladesh, it has been observed that there are some changes in the length of the monsoon which are significant with increased precipitation during monsoon season generates additional runoff (Chowdhury, 2009). The southwest monsoon arrives later or withdraws earlier, so soil moisture deficit can occur in some areas (especially in Ganges basin); prolonged monsoons can also contribute to more frequent flooding and increasing the depth of inundation of flood prone areas in Bangladesh including Faridpur (as observed during the 2007 flooding, as an example). It can be stated as an example that in the Ganges basin the June rainfall during 1970 onwards 1
AKK-<strong>IGES</strong> New Climate Risk Management Project displayed positive anomaly (i.e., higher rainfall than the average), which now shows negative anomaly (i.e., lower than the average) in the recent decade 2000-09. It has also been observed that, as compared to 1970-60, there is a considerable increase (10-15%) of September rainfall in the recent decade. All other monthly deviations are noticeable. Upazilla Condition Area (Km 2 ) Table 1. Climate change impact on monsoon flooding in Faridpur Average Flood Climate change condition Inundated area (>= 0.3m) (km 2 ) % increase due to CC Medium Flood 2004 Climate change condition % increase due to CC Faridpur 2072.72 643.3 723.5 12.47 955.5 1084.6 13.51 Source: Extracted from Table 6.1, Government of Bangladesh, 2008 Agricultural crops of Faridpur are influenced by seasonal characteristics and different variables of climate such as temperature, rainfall, humidity, day-length etc. It is also often constrained by different disasters such as floods, droughts, and cyclones. The higher temperatures and changing rainfall patterns coupled with increased flooding, droughts in the central, and flooding in rainy season and drought in summer are likely to reduce crop yields and crop production. IPCC estimates that, by 2050, rice production in Bangladesh could decline by 8 percent and wheat by 32 percent (IPCC, 2007). Climate change has both negative and positive impacts on fisheries. The positive impact is the possible increase in the open water fisheries during flood. It appears that the impacts would not be remarkable in national context rather it would affect investment at individual level. It is revealed that flood and cyclone affect culture fisheries severely while the effect of other shocks such as drought, erratic rainfall, heat wave, cold wave, fogginess is low to moderate. Flood causes fish loss damaging pond dykes, hatcheries, nurseries and embankments. Fish production may also be hampered by affecting breeding ground of fish due to siltation of fish habitat. These affect the livelihoods of fishermen and fish farmers. It is revealed that extreme temperature and climate change related natural disasters would affect livestock significantly. High temperature would affect livestock in a number of ways: it causes great discomfort as in the case of human, decreases feed intake and alters nutrient metabolism leading to high loss of energy. Therefore, some atmospheric and climatic changes in the hydro-meteorological system in the Ganges- Brahmaputra basin system in Bangladesh are very distinct. These findings show that the variations of total seasonal rainfall, the timing of onset, peak, and recession, are changing considerably at a dramatic pace. These changes could have important implications for Faridpur district which is located on the course of the river Padma. Hence, there is a need for the Faridpur district to be prepared for the future climate change impacts in a planned manner.
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APFED Project Final Evaluation Repo
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3. Annexure III. Questionnaire for
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4. Annexure IV. Responses on how th
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6. Annexure VI. Responses on how th
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8. Annexure VIII. Training schedule
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9. Annexure IX: Training schedule f
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10. Annexure X. Training schedule f
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11. Annexure XI. Training schedule
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Time Subject Content Method Materia
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13. Annexure XIII. Training schedul
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