Emerging Technologies Report on Wastewater Treatment (PDF)

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<strong>Emerging</strong> <strong>Technologies</strong> February 2008 2-8 This page intentionally left blank Wastewater Treatment and In-Plant Wet Weather Management
February 2008 Actiflo ® Process Objective: Treatment of primary and tertiary effluents. State of Development: Innovative Use of Established Technology. <strong>Emerging</strong> <strong>Technologies</strong> Technology Summary Description: The Actiflo ® process is a high-rate chemical and physical clarification process that involves the formation of suspended solids onto a ballast particle (microsand) followed by lamellar settling. It is considered an established process for the treatment of wet weather flows, but is also being applied to primary and tertiary effluents. The process starts with the addition of a coagulant to destabilize suspended solids. The flow enters the coagulation tank for flash mixing to allow the coagulant to take effect then overflows into the injection tank where microsand is added. The microsand serves as a “seed” for floc formation, providing a large surface area for suspended solids to bond to and is the key to Actiflo ® . It allows solids to settle out more quickly, thereby requiring a smaller footprint than conventional clarification. Polymers may either be added in the injection tank or at the next step, the maturation tank. Mixing is slower in the maturation tank, allowing the polymer to help bond the microsand to the destabilized suspended solids. Finally, the settling tank effectively removes the floc with help from plate settlers allowing the tank size to be further reduced. Clarified water exits the process by overflowing weirs above the plate settlers. The sand and sludge mixture is collected at the bottom of the settling tank with a conventional scraper system and pumped to a hydrocyclone, located above the injection tank. The hydrocyclone converts the pumping energy into centrifugal forces to separate the higher density sand from the lower density sludge. The sludge is discharged out of the top of the hydrocyclone while the sand is recycled back into the Actiflo ® process for further use. Screening is required upstream of Actiflo ® so that particles larger than 3 to 6 mm do not clog the hydrocyclone. Several startup modes may be used for a full scale Actiflo ® system. If a wet weather event is expected within 7 days of a previous wet weather event, the units should be shut down, but not put on standby. Wastewater would remain in the tanks and a wet startup would ensue at the time of the next wet weather event. In summer months, when freezing is not possible, the intermittent flush standby mode could be used; and when freezing is possible, the continuous flush standby mode should be used. These standby modes should results in a successful wet method, dry startup. Comparison to Established <strong>Technologies</strong>: Fundamentally, this process is very similar to conventional coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation water treatment technology. Both processes use coagulant for the destabilization and flocculent aid (polymer) for the aggregation of suspended materials. These materials are then subsequently removed by settling for disposal. The primary technical advance made in the Actiflo ® process is the addition of microsand as a “seed” and ballast for the formation of high-density flocs that have a relatively high-density microsand nucleus and are easily removed by settling. Chemical phosphorus removal is limited by kinetic factors as well as stoichiometric factors and excessive inorganic precipitant requirements need to be reduced. Available Cost Information: Approximate Capital Cost: Not disclosed by vendor. Approximate O&M Costs: Not disclosed by vendor. Vendor Name(s): Kruger USA 401 Harrison Oaks Blvd. Suite 100 Cary, NC 27513 Telephone: 919-677-8310 Fax: 919-677-0082 Email: krugerincmarketing@veoliawater.com Web site: http://www.krugerusa.com Installation(s): City of Greenfield, IN Lincolnton, NC Lawrence WWTP, IN Williamette WTP, OR Fort Worth, TX Wastewater Treatment and In-Plant Wet Weather Management 2-9
Page 1 and 2: Emerging T
Page 3 and 4: Emerging T
Page 5 and 6: February 2008 Preface Wastewater Tr
Page 7 and 8: February 2008 Contents Wastewater T
Page 9 and 10: February 2008 List of Tables Wastew
Page 11 and 12: February 2008 Wastewater Treatment
Page 13 and 14: February 2008 Physical/Chemical Tre
Page 15 and 16: February 2008 List of Techn
Page 17 and 18: February 2008 Overview Wastewater T
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 1 Introduction and Approach
Page 21 and 22: February 2008 1.2.1 Information Col
Page 23 and 24: February 2008 Wastewater Treatment
Page 25 and 26: February 2008 Technology and Advanc
Page 29 and 30: February 2008 Table 1.2—Summary o
Page 33 and 34: February 2008 Table 1.4—Summary o
Page 35 and 36: February 2008 1.3 Guidance Document
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 2 Physical/Chemical Treatme
Page 39 and 40: February 2008 Process Figure 2.1—
Page 41 and 42: February 2008 Compressible Media Fi
Page 43: February 2008 Nanofiltration Object
Page 47 and 48: February 2008 DensaDeg ® Process O
Page 49 and 50: February 2008 Microwave UV Disinfec
Page 51 and 52: February 2008 Blue CAT TM Objective
Page 53 and 54: February 2008 Blue PRO Objective: R
Page 55 and 56: February 2008 CoMag TM Objective: E
Page 57 and 58: February 2008 Solar Disinfection Ob
Page 59 and 60: Chapter 3 Biological Treatment Proc
Page 61 and 62: February 2008 Established T
Page 63 and 64: February 2008 Bioaugmentation Objec
Page 65 and 66: February 2008 Bioaugmentation (Cont
Page 73 and 74: February 2008 Cannibal ® Process O
Page 75 and 76: February 2008 CATABOL TM Objective:
Page 77 and 78: February 2008 Deep Shaft Activated
Page 79 and 80: February 2008 Integrated fixed-Film
Page 81 and 82: February 2008 Integrated fixed-Film
Page 83 and 84: February 2008 Membrane BioReactor (
Page 89 and 90: February 2008 Mobile-Bed Reactor Te
Page 91 and 92: February 2008 Emerging</str
Page 93 and 94: February 2008 Biological-Chemical P
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February 2008 Modified University o
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February 2008 Modified Anaerobic/Ox
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February 2008 Trickling Filter/Soli
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February 2008 Aerobic Granular Slud
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February 2008 ANaerobic Membrane Bi
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February 2008 Anaerobic Migrating B
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February 2008 DEamMONification (DEM
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February 2008 Hydrogen-based hollow
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February 2008 Membrane-Aerated BioR
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February 2008 Microbial Fuel Cell (
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February 2008 Multi-Stage Activated
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February 2008 Nereda TM Objective:
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February 2008 SHARON (Single reacto
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February 2008 SHARON - ANAMMOX (ANa
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February 2008 STRASS Process (Nitri
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February 2008 Vacuum Rotation Membr
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Chapter 4 In-Plant Wet Weather Mana
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February 2008 Continuous Deflection
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February 2008 HYDROSELF ® Flushing
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February 2008 Tipping Flusher ® Ob
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February 2008 TRASHMASTER TM Net Ca
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February 2008 WWETCO Compressed Med
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February 2008 Emerging</str
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February 2008 Alternative Wet Weath
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Chapter 5 Process Monitoring <stron
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February 2008 Figure 5.1—Evaluati
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February 2008 Ammonia and Nitrate P
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February 2008 Ammonia and Nitrate P
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February 2008 Microwave Density Ana
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February 2008 Microtox ® /Online M
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February 2008 SymBio TM - Nicotinam
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February 2008 Online Respirometry O
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February 2008 NITROX - Oxidation Re
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February 2008 Biological Micro-Elec
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February 2008 Handheld Advanced Nuc
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February 2008 Immunosensors and Imm
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February 2008 Photo-electro Chemica
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Chapter 6 Research Needs 6.1 Introd
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February 2008 � � Wastewater Tr
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February 2008 Exhibit 6.1—Paper f
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likely as a component of more conve
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Appendix A Trade Associations A.1 I
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