Emerging Technologies Report on Wastewater Treatment (PDF)

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<strong>Emerging</strong> <strong>Technologies</strong> February 2008 Technology Summary Actiflo ® Process (Contd) Key Words for Internet Search: Actiflo ® , Ballasted High Rate Clarification, BHRC Data Sources: Web site owned by Kruger USA. Keller, John, et al., “Actiflo ® : A Year’s Worth of Operating Experience from the Largest SSO System in the U.S.,” Water Environment Federation’s Annual Technical Exhibition and Conference (WEFTEC), 2005. Ponist, Jeffrey B., David Scheiter, “Ballasted High Rate Clarification Process Removes City of Greenfield, Indiana as a CSO Community.” Sigmund, Thomas, et al., “Operating Chemically Enhanced Clarification for Optimum Disinfection Performance,” WEFTEC, 2006. Raw Water Coagulant Sludge Hyrdocyclone Polymer Microsand Coagulation Injection Maturation Actiflo ® Process Diagram Microsand and Sludge to Hyrdocyclone Tube Settler with Scraper Clarified Water 745043_WWT-02..ai 2-10 Wastewater Treatment and In-Plant Wet Weather Management
February 2008 DensaDeg ® Process Objective: Treatment of primary and tertiary effluents and wet weather flows. State of Development: Innovative Use of Established Technology. <strong>Emerging</strong> <strong>Technologies</strong> Technology Summary Description: The DensaDeg ® process is a high-rate chemical and physical clarification process that combines sludge ballasted clarification and lamellar filtration, both established processes. The DensaDeg ® process starts with the addition of a coagulant to destabilize suspended solids. The flow enters the rapid-mix tank for flash mixing to allow the coagulant to take effect then overflows into the reactor tank where sludge and polymer are added. A draft tube and mixer in the reactor allow for thorough mixing of the wastewater with the recirculated sludge and added chemicals. The sludge serves as a “seed” for floc formation providing a large surface area for suspended solids to bond to and is the key to DensaDeg ® , allowing solids to settle out more quickly, thereby requiring a smaller footprint than conventional clarification. Wastewater flows over a weir from the reactor tank through a transition zone before entering the clarifier. The clarifier effectively removes the flow with help from settling tubes, allowing the tank size to be further reduced. Clarified water exits the process by overflowing weirs above the settling tubes. Sludge is collected at the bottom of the clarifier with a conventional scraper system and recirculated back to the reactor tank. Periodically, a separate sludge pump energizes and wastes a small portion of the sludge from the system. Scum is removed from the process at the top of the transition zone by a cylindrical collector that automatically rotates periodically. Several startup modes may be used for a full-scale DensaDeg ® . If a wet weather event is expected within 6 hours of a previous wet weather event, the units should be shut down, but not drained. After 6 hours, the units may be drained except for three feet of depth in the clarifier. Both of these scenarios, which would include keeping the sludge collector running while the system is idle, would maintain a sludge inventory and a wet startup would ensue at the time of the next wet weather event. After 12 hours the tanks should be completely drained to prepare for a dry startup. Comparison to Established <strong>Technologies</strong>: Fundamentally, this process is very similar to conventional coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation treatment technology. Both processes use coagulant for the destabilization and flocculent aid (polymer) for the aggregation of suspended materials. These materials are then subsequently removed by settling for disposal. The primary technical advance made in the DensaDeg ® process is the recirculated sludge as a “seed” for the formation of high-density flocs for easy removal by settling. Chemical phosphorus removal is limited by kinetic factors as well as stoichiometric factors, and excessive inorganic precipitant requirements need to be reduced. Available Cost Information: Approximate Capital Cost: Cost estimates are dependent upon local requirements and specific applications. Approximate O&M Costs: Cost savings are linked to the relative ease of installation, operational flexibility, and lowenergy consumption. Vendor Name(s): Infilco Degremont Inc. P.O. Box 71390 Richmond, VA 23255-1930 Telephone: 804-756-7600 Web site: http://www.infilcodegremont.com Installation(s): Turlock, CA Gainsville, GA Toledo, OH Halifax, Nova Scotia Shreveport, LA Wastewater Treatment and In-Plant Wet Weather Management 2-11
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Page 5 and 6: February 2008 Preface Wastewater Tr
Page 7 and 8: February 2008 Contents Wastewater T
Page 9 and 10: February 2008 List of Tables Wastew
Page 11 and 12: February 2008 Wastewater Treatment
Page 13 and 14: February 2008 Physical/Chemical Tre
Page 15 and 16: February 2008 List of Techn
Page 17 and 18: February 2008 Overview Wastewater T
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 1 Introduction and Approach
Page 21 and 22: February 2008 1.2.1 Information Col
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Page 25 and 26: February 2008 Technology and Advanc
Page 29 and 30: February 2008 Table 1.2—Summary o
Page 33 and 34: February 2008 Table 1.4—Summary o
Page 35 and 36: February 2008 1.3 Guidance Document
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 2 Physical/Chemical Treatme
Page 39 and 40: February 2008 Process Figure 2.1—
Page 41 and 42: February 2008 Compressible Media Fi
Page 43 and 44: February 2008 Nanofiltration Object
Page 45: February 2008 Actiflo ® Process Ob
Page 49 and 50: February 2008 Microwave UV Disinfec
Page 51 and 52: February 2008 Blue CAT TM Objective
Page 53 and 54: February 2008 Blue PRO Objective: R
Page 55 and 56: February 2008 CoMag TM Objective: E
Page 57 and 58: February 2008 Solar Disinfection Ob
Page 59 and 60: Chapter 3 Biological Treatment Proc
Page 61 and 62: February 2008 Established T
Page 63 and 64: February 2008 Bioaugmentation Objec
Page 65 and 66: February 2008 Bioaugmentation (Cont
Page 73 and 74: February 2008 Cannibal ® Process O
Page 75 and 76: February 2008 CATABOL TM Objective:
Page 77 and 78: February 2008 Deep Shaft Activated
Page 79 and 80: February 2008 Integrated fixed-Film
Page 81 and 82: February 2008 Integrated fixed-Film
Page 83 and 84: February 2008 Membrane BioReactor (
Page 89 and 90: February 2008 Mobile-Bed Reactor Te
Page 91 and 92: February 2008 Emerging</str
Page 93 and 94: February 2008 Biological-Chemical P
Page 95 and 96: February 2008 Modified University o
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February 2008 Modified Anaerobic/Ox
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February 2008 Trickling Filter/Soli
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February 2008 Aerobic Granular Slud
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February 2008 ANaerobic Membrane Bi
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February 2008 Anaerobic Migrating B
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February 2008 DEamMONification (DEM
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February 2008 Hydrogen-based hollow
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February 2008 Membrane-Aerated BioR
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February 2008 Microbial Fuel Cell (
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February 2008 Multi-Stage Activated
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February 2008 Nereda TM Objective:
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February 2008 SHARON (Single reacto
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February 2008 SHARON - ANAMMOX (ANa
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February 2008 STRASS Process (Nitri
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February 2008 Vacuum Rotation Membr
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Chapter 4 In-Plant Wet Weather Mana
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February 2008 Continuous Deflection
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February 2008 HYDROSELF ® Flushing
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February 2008 Tipping Flusher ® Ob
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February 2008 TRASHMASTER TM Net Ca
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February 2008 WWETCO Compressed Med
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February 2008 Emerging</str
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February 2008 Alternative Wet Weath
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Chapter 5 Process Monitoring <stron
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February 2008 Figure 5.1—Evaluati
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February 2008 Ammonia and Nitrate P
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February 2008 Ammonia and Nitrate P
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February 2008 Microwave Density Ana
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February 2008 Microtox ® /Online M
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February 2008 SymBio TM - Nicotinam
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February 2008 Online Respirometry O
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February 2008 NITROX - Oxidation Re
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February 2008 Biological Micro-Elec
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February 2008 Handheld Advanced Nuc
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February 2008 Immunosensors and Imm
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February 2008 Photo-electro Chemica
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Chapter 6 Research Needs 6.1 Introd
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February 2008 � � Wastewater Tr
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February 2008 Exhibit 6.1—Paper f
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likely as a component of more conve
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Appendix A Trade Associations A.1 I
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