The Geology of Burma - Zomi Online Library

Bibliography of Burman Earth Science
severe in the upland areas of Kyaukpadaung and Chaung U, largely as a result of the high
intensity of rainfall and rapid surface runoff. Moreover, since most of the soil in these
areas is moderately textured with a slope ranging from 5-15%, the erodibility of the soil
is also high. In Chaung U, the most severe erosion occurs in the upland areas. In contrast,
the incidence of soil erosion in the foot plain is lower. Sheet and rill erosion and vertical
dissection are widespread, resulting in an uneven topography.
In Magway, because of the sandy topsoil there is also a high level of erosion. The
susceptibility of the soil to erosion is compounded by the high level of rainfall occurring
over short periods. Wind erosion is a particularly severe problem while sheet and gully
erosion are largely confined to wasteland areas. Soil erosion and land degradation are the
two components responsible for declining production potential.
Hill and Plateau Country
The third agricultural zone, the hill and plateau country, occupies perhaps twothirds
of the area of Burma. This land has less economic significance than the other two
zones; it is the home of many of the country’s non-Burman ethnic groups, most of whom
are engaged in shifting cultivation. More-sedentary modes of agriculture also exist,
however, and have been imposed with the advance of agricultural technology, increased
population, and central planning.
The highland regions of Burma are covered with highly leached, iron-rich, dark
red and reddish brown soils. When protected by forest cover, these soils absorb the
region’s heavy rain, but they erode quickly once the forest cover has been cleared.
Outside the forest areas of these highlands, the principal crops raised are rice, yams, and
millet, and large numbers of pigs and poultry are kept. Bullocks and buffalo are used as
draft animals, and goats, pigs, and poultry are raised for food in all parts of the country.
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