The Geology of Burma - Zomi Online Library

Bibliography of Burman Earth Science
Aung, W., Hlaing, K. K., Kyaw, K. P., Win, M. M. and Kyaw, A. 1999.
“Stability of Russell's Viper Venom Toxoid (Lyophilized Form) on
Storage.” Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1999 Dec.
52(6):234-7: JAPAN. Volume 52, Issue 6, Pages 234-237. Descriptors:
Animals; Biological Assay; Desiccation; Drug Stability; Drug Storage;
Female; Formaldehyde: pharmacology; Freeze Drying; Hydrogen-Ion
Concentration; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Myanmar; Preservatives,
Pharmaceutical: pharmacology; Refrigeration; Safety; Temperature;
Time Factors; Toxoids: chemistry; Viper Venoms: chemistry; Viper
Venoms: toxicity. Notes: RN: 0 (Preservatives, Pharmaceutical); 0
(Toxoids); 0 (Viper Venoms); 0 (viper venoid); 50-00-0
(Formaldehyde); LR: 20061115. Abstract: A previously developed
Russell's viper venom toxoid in Myanmar is in a liquid form that shows
reversion in the form of a reduced number of formaldehyde linkages
and toxicity during storage at 37 degrees C and at room temperature.
In order to have a safe, potent and stable toxoid, a lyophilized form
was prepared in the present study from the liquid toxoid through the
use of a freeze dryer. Both the liquid and lyophilized forms were then
stored at 4 degrees C and at room temperature, and in addition to
safety and immunogenicity tests, biochemical parameters such as the
protein content, the activity of venom enzymes (proteinase,
phospholipase A, phosphodiesterase, and arginine esterase), and the
released free formalin amounts were assessed at 3-month intervals
over a period of 1 year. The results indicate that under both
conditions, the lyophilized toxoid shows minimum changes in enzyme
activity, a reduced tendency toward formaldehyde linkage, no toxicity,
and more immunogenicity in comparison with the respective liquid
toxoids. It could therefore be hypothesized that Russell's viper venom
toxoid in a lyophilized form is more promising in terms of efficacy and
stability for prophylactic use in human immunization than the
conventional toxoid in a liquid form. Database: TOXLINE. ISSN: 1344-
6304.
Avni, Yoav. 1999. “Lithology as the Main Factor Causing Aridization; an
Example from Burma (Myanmar); Annual Meeting, 1999; Dead Sea.”
Annual Meeting - Israel Geological Society. Israel Geological Society,
Jerusalem, Israel (ISR): Israel (ISR). Volume 1999, Pages 9.
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