Consultancy for Conservation Study of Chik Kwai Study Hall at Pat ...

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Fig. 19. Map showing ancestral halls in Yuen Kong San Tsuen 元崗新村, Cheung Po 長莆 and Tai Wo 大窩. (Planning Department, Kam Tin North Outline Zoning plan, Hong Kong, Planning Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, 1994.) Village Alliance in Pat Heung Villages in Pat Heung joined as alliances for defense. As mentioned above, village alliances had a strong paramilitary aspect, member fought together on occasions against outsiders. According to a tablet in the Chau Wong Temple at Kam Tin Pak Pin, conflict was took place between Kam Tin and Pat Heung during the 18 th century. 31 At Pat Heung Old Temple, there is a soul tablet of the martyrs of the clan fights. In Hugh D. R. Baker Account, the Pat Heung Alliance is an alliance of small lineages and settlements which are situated close together. They strained to join with them as protection against more powerful lineages. 32 Sometimes, they tended to relationships in their neighbourhood. Sheung Shui is one lineage that aligned with Pat Heung alliance. Hugh D. R. Baker indicated that the alliance of Liu in Sheung Shui and Pat Heung was composed largely of small Hakka settlements in an attempt to counteract the great influence of the supremely powerful Tang lineage of Kam Tin. 33 In fact, Pat Heung, Ping Shan and Sheung Shui 31 John A.Brim, op. cit., p. 97. 32 Hugh D.R. Baker, A Chinese Lineage Village: Sheung Shui, London, Cass, 1968, p. 189. 33 Ibid., p. 189. 25
organized Tat Tak Alliance 達德約 to resist Kam Tin. Tat Tak Yeuk 達德約 [Tat Tak Alliance] is an alliance formed by thirty nine villages. The location where the Yeuk regularly met was at the Tat Tak Communal Hall 達德公所. 34 According to the stone inscription in Tat Tak Communal Hall, there were various villages contributed to the repair of Tat Tak Communal Hall in 1938-39. The villages are as follow, 26 屏山坑頭坊、屏山坑尾坊、橋頭圍、甘草村、恢沙圍、上章圍、新村仔、馮家圍、新村、新圍仔、橫州眾鄉、連花地、大井三鄉、八鄉、台山眾鄉、元崗眾鄉、上斜眾鄉、下斜眾鄉、長蒲眾鄉、城門眾鄉、龍鼓灘眾鄉、荃灣眾鄉、掃管笏眾鄉、大坑涌眾鄉、沙江眾鄉、鰲磡眾鄉、石埗眾鄉、山下眾鄉、杬口眾鄉、水邊村眾鄉、輞井眾鄉、青拐塘深井眾鄉、田芋仔眾鄉、元丁、八鄉馬鞍崗、南盛圍、洪水丹桂村、坑口、上村、水流田 Hang Tau in Ping Shan, Hang Mei in Ping Shan, Kiu Tau Wai, Kim Cao Tsuen, Fui Sha Wai, Sheung Cheung Wai, San Tsuen Tsai, Fung Ka Wai, San Tsuen, Sa Wai Tsai, villages in Wang Chau, Lin Fa Tei, three villages in Tai Tseng, Pat Heung, villages in Toi Shan, villages in Yuen Kong, villages in Sheung Che, villages in Ha Che, villages in Cheung Po, villages in Shing Mun, villages in Lung Kwu Tan, villages in Tsuen Wan, villages in So Kwun Wat, villages in Tai Hang Chung, villages in Sha Kong, villages in Ngau Hom, villages in Shek Po, villages in Shan Ha, villages in Lam Hau, villages in Shui Pin Tsuen, villages in Mong Tseng, villages in Ching Kwai Tong and Sham Tseng, villages in Tin Wu Tsai, Yuen Ting, Pat Heung Ma On Kong, Nam Shing Wai, Hung Shui Tan Kwai Tsuen, Hang Hau, Sheung Tsuen, Shui Lau Tin. This inscription implies that the hall belonged to these villages. Several villages in Pat Heung were included in the alliance. They are Lin Fa Tei 蓮花地, Pat Heung 八鄉, villages in Toi Shan 橫台山, villages in Yuen Kong 元崗, villages in Sheung Che 上輋, villages in Ha Che 下輋, villages in Cheung Po 長莆, Pat Heung Ma On Kong 馬鞍崗, Sheung Tsuen 上村 and Shui Lau Tin 水流田. It is believed that they are members of Tat Tak alliance. Nowadays, there are thirty villages 35 dispersed in Pat Heung area and about 30,000 residents lived in Pat Heung. In the past, Tung Yik Tong 同益堂 and Pat Heung Old Temple were the administrative and religious centre of Pat Heung. 34 Lei Da 雷達, “Shui yan ying yong ci, 水淹英勇祠, [Flooding in the Hall of Bravery],” in Tang Shing Si 鄧聖時 et al., Pingshan deng zu qian nian shi tan suo 屏山鄧族千年史探索 [History of Tang Clan in Ping Shan], Hong Kong, Deng Guangxian, 1999, pp. 75-76. 35 They are Tsat Sing Kong 七星崗, Ha Che 下輋, Sheung Tsuen 上村, Sheung Che 上輋, Tai Kong Po 大江埔, Tai Wor 大窩, Yuen Kong 元崗, Yuen Kong San Tsuen 元崗新村, Shui Lau Tin 水流田, Shui Tsan Tin 水盞田, Ngau Keng 牛徑, Ta Shek Wu 打石湖, Tin Sam 田心, Kap Lung 甲龍, Shek Wu Tong 石湖塘, Chuk Hang 竹坑, Ng Ka Tsuen 吳家村, Ho Pui 河背, Kam Tsin Wai 金錢圍, Cheung Kong 長江, Ma On Kong 馬鞍崗, Pang Ka Tsuen
Page 1 and 2: Consultancy for Conservation Study
Page 3 and 4: Research Team Team Members Position
Page 5 and 6: iv 5.1 Historic place..............
Page 8 and 9: LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1. Front eleva
Page 10 and 11: Fig. 37. Map showing Chik Kwai Stud
Page 12 and 13: Fig. 83. Side chambers with cocklof
Page 14 and 15: Fig. 142a-b. changgong 撐栱 [diag
Page 16: LIST OF TABLES Table 1. A list show
Page 19 and 20: 2 This report is to provide a conse
Page 21 and 22: clearly advantageous for villages s
Page 23 and 24: After the British takeover of the N
Page 25 and 26: Pat Heung 八鄉 8 Fig. 3. The Dist
Page 27 and 28: 10 In the Yudiiue 輿地略 [Chapte
Page 29 and 30: 12 Fig. 7. Enlargement of the Xin
Page 31 and 32: Pat Heung valleys are the richest r
Page 33 and 34: 16 Tai Kong Po 大江埔 Yeung 楊
Page 35 and 36: 18 Fig. 11. Cheung Ancestral Hall
Page 37 and 38: 20 Fig. 14. Map showing ancestral h
Page 39 and 40: 22 Fig. 16. Map showing ancestral h
Page 41: 24 Fig. 18. Map showing ancestral h
Page 45 and 46: 28 According to the elders from Pat
Page 47 and 48: Guanyin 觀音, Tinhou 天后 and G
Page 49 and 50: 32 district. It has already had the
Page 51 and 52: During the Japanese occupation, the
Page 53 and 54: 36 Fig. 24. Genealogy of the Lais i
Page 55 and 56: According to the report wrote by La
Page 57 and 58: Sheung Tsuen Shui Lo (Fig. 29.). Ch
Page 59 and 60: 42 Fig. 29. Sheung Tsuen Shui Lo, 1
Page 61 and 62: 44 Fig. 32. Lai Uk Tsuen was named
Page 63 and 64: 46 3 HISTORY 3.1 Founding of Chik K
Page 65 and 66: 48 The exact year of its constructi
Page 67 and 68: 50 Fig. 37. Map showing Chik Kwai S
Page 69 and 70: 3.2.1 Study Hall In the Ming and Qi
Page 71 and 72: 54 孺人之神主廿六世
Page 73 and 74: 3.3.3 1970s - 1980s The setting of
Page 75 and 76: 58 Fig. 41. Aerial photo of 1945. (
Page 77 and 78: 60 Fig. 43. Aerial Photo of 1963. (
Page 79 and 80: 62 Fig. 45. Aerial Photo of 1985. (
Page 81 and 82: The 27th year of Kangxi 康熙 28th
Page 83 and 84: 66 1963 Pat Heung Old Temple 八鄉
Page 85 and 86: 68 recipients of plants and seeds.
Page 87 and 88: 長春園 Lik Wing Tong 力榮堂 Y
Page 89 and 90: Kang Yung Study Hall 鏡蓉書屋 (
Page 91 and 92: 74 Fig. 49. Tai Kei Ka Shuk 大紀
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76 Fig. 53. Kang Yung Study Hall
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78 Successful candidates in xiang-s
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80 Fig. 58. Lesson in old-style pri
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82 The teachers’ incomes are quit
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84 Fig. 61. Sung Tsun School 崇真
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Population Boom The increase of pop
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4.1 Setting 88 4 BUILDING Chik Kwai
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90 Fig. 66. Chik Kwai study hall an
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occupying a footprint measuring 13.
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94 Fig. 75. The porch at the front
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96 The fourth and sixth purlins in
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98 Fig. 81. The finely craved rain
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From the aerial photograph of 1963,
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102 Fig. 89. Two storeys side chamb
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104 Fig. 91. Main hall of Chik Kwai
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4.3.2 Stable 106 Fig. 95. A small c
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4.4.1 Chik Kwai Study Hall Entrance
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110 Fig. 100a-f. Details of the fro
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112 Fig. 102a-e. Details of the rea
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peach that signifies longevity. At
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vase is a bat, symbol of fu 福 [go
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118 Fig. 107a-d. Details of the eav
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120 [Drinking in front of the flowe
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122 Fig. 109a-c. Murals atop the ma
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124 Fig. 112. Mural on the right ga
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126 The tuofeng 駝峰 atop the low
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128 Fig. 117. tuofeng 駝峰 [suppo
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Friezes of the walls 130 Fig. 119a-
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132 [A wandering exile, I came away
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134 Fig. 124. The mural on the rear
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Eave board at the rear eave Below t
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Courtyard 138 Fig. 127a-e. Details
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shoushi 壽石 [aged rock] that is
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Gable walls The gable walls of the
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Fang 枋 [lintel] 144 Fig. 134a-g.
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Structural frames 146 Fig. 135. The
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148 Fig. 138a-b. tuofeng 駝峰 [su
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150 Fig. 140a-d. tuofeng 駝峰 [su
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Decorative surround 152 Fig. 142a-b
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longevity] (Fig. 144). On the rear
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156 Fig. 144. The mural on the part
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Along the top part of the walls in
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160 Fig. 150. The mural on the part
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4.4.2 Stable There is no particular
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instance, wishes such as riches and
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09 upper floor in the side bays of
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168 Fig. 159. A line of granite fou
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170 Fig. 164. Traces of the seconda
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172 Fig. 167. Lattice window openin
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174 literary knowledge, emoluments,
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176 Fig. 175. Openings on the upper
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178 Fig. 178. Ladder leading to the
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180 Fig. 180. Ladder located in the
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182 Fig. 183. Sketch showing the re
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184 Fig. 185. Sketch showing the re
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Kwai Study Hall could be read as a
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Si Wang Study Hall 士宏書室 Kun
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6.1 The Inspection 190 6 CONDITION
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6.4.1.3 The Side Halls 192 Photo 1
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6.4.3 The Forecourt 194 Photo 6 Clo
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vegetation spreads along the roofs
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198 Photo 15 The side wall showing
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200 Photo 19 The timber beam to the
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202 Photo 23 The columns were in a
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Right-hand side hall The external w
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206 Photo 31 The rear wall of the M
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Left cockloft The 1/F cockloft was
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6.5.2.6 Wall paintings and the alta
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The original wide door openings had
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6.7 Work required to remove the int
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216 An example of propping of struc
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218 Other work may be carried out d
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220 The exposed hole may then be en
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3.0 Demolition of cocklofts slabs,
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3.0 Demolition down to 1/F slab and
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7.1 Conservation Philosophy 226 7 C
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228 � Re-construction of timber s
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230 … Competent direction of cons
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232 with dimensions, shape, design
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8.3 Restoration and conservation
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� Water with a natural P.H. deter
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(b) Take down all electrical light
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240 � the four richly decorated w
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8.4.6.3 Floor finishes - (a) Clean
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8.4.8.3 Wall mural on wall frieze o
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(c) Make good timber altar to match
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2.0 Demolition and Cart Away 2.1 Wo
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250 10.4 Make good partition in fro
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APPENDIX I 252 Fig. 187. First floo
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254 Fig. 191. Section A-A and B-B o
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APPENDIX III PRINCIPLES FOR THE PRE
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258 conservation may require the co
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APPENDIX IV ICOMOS PRINCIPLES FOR T
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plaster, etc. Prerequisites for any
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Competent direction of conservation
Page 283 and 284:
Rob Crèvecoeur (The Netherlands) L
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Gui Wencan 桂文燦 et al., Guangd
Page 287 and 288:
Land Registration in the New Territ
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