Untitled

xx CONTENTS
9.2.6 SONET/SDH Hardware / 481
9.2.7 SONET Advantages and Disadvantages / 483
9.2.8 SONET Applications / 484
9.2.9 Wavelength Division Multiplexing / 485
9.2.10 Packet over SONET / 488
9.3 IEEE 802.17, Resilient Packet Ring / 489
References / 491
10 BROADBAND NETWORK SERVICES 495
10.1 Frame Relay / 496
10.1.1 Frame Relay Defi ned / 496
10.1.2 Frame Relay Standards / 498
10.1.3 Frame Relay Access / 499
10.1.4 Frame Relay Network / 500
10.1.5 Frame Relay Equipment / 502
10.1.6 Frame Relay Protocol: Frame Structure / 503
10.1.7 Local Management Interface Protocol / 505
10.1.8 Congestion Management / 505
10.1.9 How Frame Relay Networks Work / 508
10.1.10 Voice over Frame Relay / 509
10.1.10.1 VoFR Theory: Compression Is the Key / 510
10.1.11 Frame Relay Costs / 514
10.1.12 Frame Relay Attributes and Issues / 515
10.1.12.1 Frame Relay Advantages / 515
10.1.12.2 Frame Relay Issues / 516
10.1.13 Frame Relay Applications / 517
10.2 Switched Multimegabit Data Service / 518
10.3 Asynchronous Transfer Mode / 519
10.3.1 ATM Defi ned / 520
10.3.2 ATM Standards / 521
10.3.3 ATM Access / 523
10.3.4 ATM Network and Equipment / 524
10.3.4.1 Customer Premises Equipment / 524
10.3.4.2 Broadband Switching Systems / 524
10.3.4.3 Transmission Facilities / 525
10.3.5 ATM Protocols and Cell Structure / 525
10.3.5.1 Physical Layer / 528
10.3.5.2 ATM Layer / 528
10.3.5.3 ATM Adaptation Layer / 529
10.3.5.4 ATM Service Categories / 531
10.3.5.5 ATM QoS Parameters / 533