state of the environment in Somalia - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP

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December 2005 © 2005 United Nations Environment Programme Graphics by: Global Resource Information Database (GRID) Arendal/Viktor Novikov Layout by: N. Meith Cover photo: Jean-Marc Bouju/AFP/Getty Images) This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder provided acknowledgment of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from UNEP. The designation of geographical entities in this report, and the presentation of the material herein, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the publisher or the participating organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. United Nations Environment Programme Asian Tsunami Disaster Task Force 11-13, Chemin des Anémones CH-1219 Châtelaine, Geneva Tel. : +41 (0)22 917 8615 Fax: +41 (0)22 917 8988 http://www.unep.org/tsunami/ United Nations Environment Programme Regional Office for Africa United Nations Avenue, Gigiri P O Box 30552, Nairobi Kenya Tel.: +254 20 621234 Fax: +254 20 623928 http://www.unep.org/roa/
Table of Contents A NOTE ON DATA SOURCES, NOMENCLATURE AND MAPS ........................................................ 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 6 COUNTRY CONTEXT ............................................................................................................................... 8 Geographical features .............................................................................................................................. 8 Location ............................................................................................................................................ 8 Physical features .............................................................................................................................. 8 Climate ........................................................................................................................................... 10 Cultural features..................................................................................................................................... 10 Political history ...................................................................................................................................... 12 Population and economy ........................................................................................................................ 16 Role of natural resources ....................................................................................................................... 17 Legal and institutional framework for environmental management .......................................................... 18 The role of non-governmental organizations ........................................................................................... 20 Future prospects .................................................................................................................................... 20 HUMAN AND URBAN ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................... 23 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 23 Human Settlements ............................................................................................................................... 23 Water and Sanitation .............................................................................................................................. 25 Waste Management ............................................................................................................................... 26 Energy ................................................................................................................................................... 26 Livestock and Agriculture ....................................................................................................................... 28 Industry ................................................................................................................................................. 31 Transport and Telecommunications ........................................................................................................ 31 Shipping ................................................................................................................................................. 32 Natural Disasters ................................................................................................................................... 33 Displaced people.................................................................................................................................... 35
Page 1: The State of the Environment in Som
Page 5 and 6: A NOTE ON DATA SOURCES, NOMENCLATUR
Page 7 and 8: ● control of soil erosion; ● fi
Page 9 and 10: Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed in mid-Octobe
Page 11 and 12: Environment in Somalia 9 UNEP Desk
Page 15 and 16: Box 1. The Somali clan-based social
Page 19 and 20: Box 3. Vulnerability of the economy
Page 21 and 22: Somalia’s Environment Minister Mo
Page 23 and 24: Box 4. Local institutions take the
Page 25 and 26: HUMAN AND URBAN ENVIRONMENT Introdu
Page 27 and 28: Muhammad Ahmad or the Mahdi, whose
Page 29 and 30: Box 6. Abandoned pesticides An aban
Page 31 and 32: Table 2. Number of livestock The 19
Page 33 and 34: inputs and disrupted technical supp
Page 35 and 36: The absence of surveillance means t
Page 37 and 38: A Somali child rescues a kitten who
Page 39 and 40: Table 3. Recent natural disasters i
Page 43 and 44: Box 10. Land ownership and land dis
Page 45 and 46: The lucrative charcoal trade raises
Page 47 and 48: proposed upstream as well as a hydr
Page 49 and 50: Lobster, commonly fished in Somali
Page 51 and 52: Box 16. Decentralization of ‘fish
Page 53 and 54:
Table 4. Rare and endangered bird s
Page 55 and 56:
Environment in Somalia 53 UNEP Desk
Page 57 and 58:
RECOMMENDATIONS Introduction An acc
Page 59 and 60:
Existing solar stove pilot projects
Page 61 and 62:
REFERENCES Agrosphere, 2004. Impact
Page 63 and 64:
Somaliland Centre for Peace and Dev
Page 65 and 66:
ANNEX I Chronology of Key Political
Page 67 and 68:
1994 UNOSOM seeks to broker a deal
Page 69 and 70:
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS asl abov
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state of the environment in Somalia - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP

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