RNAV Training Manual - Keilir

Aircraft trajectory in Fly-By and Fly-Over waypoints
Fly-By Fly-Over
trajectory more consistent
and controlled
Turn is a Rate 1 curved path tangential to both the
inbound and outbound track
trajectory less consistent
and controlled
Turn consists of roll-in, Rate 1 turn, roll-out and
intercept elements
Both types of trajectory are subject to variations in wind, aircraft speed and bank angle, navigation
system logic and Pilot or Autopilot performance. However, flight paths resulting from Fly-By turns are,
in practice, much more consistent and predictable, and thus preferred in RNAV procedure design (eg.
they require a smaller protected area)
Although the Fly-By turn is a simple concept, it is important for the pilot to understand exactly
how turns are annunciated and displayed on the GPS navigator and how lateral guidance is
provided to the autopilot in Nav or Roll-Steer Roll Steer (GPSS) modes, modes in order to consistently and
accurately achieve the tangential path the procedure requires
P A
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