Detection of Enteric Bacteria in Raw Food Samples from Vietnam ...

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Chapter 5: Pathogenicity of Salmonella spp. and E. coli Food Isolates from Vietnam.218 5.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 218 5.2. Method .................................................................................................................... 220 5.2.1. Examination for invA and spvC virulence genes of Salmonella spp. isolates 220 5.2.2. Invasion assay to study the invasiveness of Salmonella spp. food isolates .... 221 5.2.2.1. Seeding culture tray ................................................................................ 221 5.2.2.2. Preparation of bacteria inoculum ............................................................ 222 5.2.2.3. The invasion assay .................................................................................. 222 5.2.3. Detection of virulence genes in E. coli isolates .............................................. 223 5.3. Result and discussion .............................................................................................. 230 5.3.1. The presence of invA and spvC genes in Salmonella spp. isolates ................. 230 5.3.2. Invasiveness of Salmonella spp. food isolates. ............................................... 234 5.3.3. Virulence genes in E. coli isolates .................................................................. 238 5.4. Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 249 Chapter 6: General Discussion .......................................................................................... 251 REFERENCE ....................................................................................................................... 262 APPENDIX ........................................................................................................................ 313 CONFERENCES/ PROCEEDINGS and PUBLICATIONS ............................................ 322 xi
Term Meaning AMP Ampicillin AMO Amoxicillin AUG Augmentin bp Base pair List of Abbreviations CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CEP Cephalothin CFU Colony forming units CHL Chloramphenicol CIP Ciprofloxacin CLSI Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute CO2 Carbon dioxide CTAB Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide °C Degrees Celsius DAEC Diffuse-adhering E. coli DMEM Dulbecco’ s modification of Eagle’s Medium DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid DNase Deoxyribonuclease dNTP Deoxynucleotide triphosphate dH2O Distilled water xii
Page 1 and 2: Detection of Enteric Bacteria in Ra
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41 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1998; Ri
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43 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Salmonel
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45 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Morabito
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47 CHAPTER 2: GENERAL MATERIALS AND
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Petri dish Nunc, Denmark 49 CHAPTER
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2.1.3. General media and solutions
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Trypan blue solution: 1% (w/v) tryp
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2.2.2.1.3. Isolation and identifica
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Table 2.2: Bacterial strains and ba
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2.2.3.2. Inoculation of test plates
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2.2.4.3. Polymerase Chain Reaction
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CHAPTER 3: THE DETECTION OF ENTERIC
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CHAPTER 4: MOLECULAR GENETIC MECHAN
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4.2. Method CHAPTER 4: MOLECULAR GE
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Isolates Sources CHAPTER 4: MOLECUL
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CHAPTER 5: PATHOGENICITY OF SALMONE
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Primer set CHAPTER 5: PATHOGENICITY
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Isolate name CHAPTER 5: PATHOGENICI
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Chapter 6: General Discussion 251 C
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253 CHAPTER 6: GENERAL DISCUSSION s
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255 CHAPTER 6: GENERAL DISCUSSION I
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257 CHAPTER 6: GENERAL DISCUSSION m
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259 CHAPTER 6: GENERAL DISCUSSION r
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261 CHAPTER 6: GENERAL DISCUSSION p
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263 REFERENCE Angkititrakul, S., C.
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265 REFERENCE Bauernfeind, A., S. W
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267 REFERENCE Boyd, D. A., G. A. Pe
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269 REFERENCE Catry, B., H. Laevens
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271 REFERENCE enterica serovars Typ
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273 REFERENCE multiple-antibiotic r
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275 REFERENCE Shiga toxin-producing
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277 REFERENCE Fitzgerald, C., K. St
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279 REFERENCE Graninger, W., K. Zed
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281 REFERENCE Heffernan, E. J., J.
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283 REFERENCE Jarrett, P., and M. S
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285 REFERENCE Kauffmann, F. 1972. S
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287 REFERENCE Leverstein-van Hall,
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289 REFERENCE Maguire, H. C., A. A.
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291 REFERENCE Meng, J., M. P. Doyle
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293 REFERENCE Nakamura, M., S. Sato
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295 REFERENCE Christenson, M. L. Bi
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297 REFERENCE Phan, Q., P. Mshar, T
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299 REFERENCE Refsum, T., E. Heir,
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301 REFERENCE Salyers, A. A. 1993.
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303 REFERENCE Identification of ant
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305 REFERENCE patterns produced by
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307 REFERENCE Vaudaus, P., and F. A
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309 REFERENCE White, D. G., S. Zhao
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311 REFERENCE Yavzori, M., N. Porat
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APPENDIX Table A1: Salmonella spp.
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Isolates Source Group Serotype 315
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Table A2: E. coli isolates which we
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Isolates Source AMP AMO AUG TET 319
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Table A3: V. parahaemolyticus isola
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323 CONFERENCES/ PROCEEDINGS and PU
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Detection of Enteric Bacteria in Raw Food Samples from Vietnam ...

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